456 v.EAs. 



The letters M, A, N, are selected for obvious reasons. I believe the 

 three represent a type of the Malay, the Aboriginal of the East, and the 

 Negrito. 



In addition to the descriptive characters, the measured ones are given 

 in averages and indices, or relative factors. (Table IX.) The charac- 

 ters in which the three types resemble each other are nasal index, hair, 

 relative shoulder width, eye width, relative leg length and relative hand 

 length, and it may be said that these characters are more representative 

 of the Igorots than any other, unless it be eye color which is so uniformly 

 broAMi in all Igorots, that no records are made. The differentiating 

 characters are chiefly stature, skin color, ears, head lengih, brachial in- 

 dex, cephalic index, total head height, relative lower face height, the 

 distance between the eyes, and the position of the umbilicus. The types 

 may be summarized as follows : 



Tyjie -U. — ^The individuals of tliis type are petty chiefs, councilors, etc., wlio 

 reside chiefly in Bontoc and the highlands of Benguet. They may be difl'erentiated 

 from other Igorots by their tallness and ooeasional light, golden-brown skin, 

 heavy brows, slightly aquiline nose, and large ears tliat have a square lobule, 

 the lower border of which terminates abruptly against the corners of the mandible. 

 Other distinguishing characters are the head length and height and the forehead 

 width, which are greater than found in any other group of Igorots. The relatively 

 long leg, small brachial index, and high umbilicus are characteristics to be 

 emphasized. The cephalic index, nasal index, and ear index are the smallest 

 found. Otherwise stated, the head, nose, and ears are longer and narrower than 

 any others. The eyes are also farther apart, and the upper head is relatively 

 higher than the lower face, wliich is broad, but not long. 



Type A. — The members of this type are laborers (farmers, police, etc.) from 

 all parts of Benguet and from Bontoc. Their differential descriptive characters 

 are the unusually small stature, brown or dark brown skin, large, wide, flat 

 australoid nose, rounded or oval ear without lobule, and the relatively broad 

 shoulders. Their low, long, oval, flat-topped head with bombfi forehead and 

 narrow-eyes are distinctive. The arm and forearm are relativelj' short, and the 

 Ijrachial index is low. 



Type N. — This tj^pe may be recognized readily b\' its small stature, brown 

 skin, delicate brow ridges, small, round head with excessively developed parietal 

 and temporal regions, narrow, retreating forehead, short nose, small round ears, 

 and projecting jaws. The individuals of this type have relatively long arms and 

 forearms, short hands, and a high brachial index. The cephalic index is high, 

 tlie nasal index low and the ear index high. Especially to be noted are the low 

 umbilicus close to the pubis, the relatively high total head height due to the 

 large lower face, and the narrow space between the eyes. 



There can be no doubt but that these three tj'pes are present among the 

 Igorots, but what they represent is not so easy to decide. Type M re- 

 sembles the European and it may be considered to be of European 

 origin, recent or remote. Type X is in many respects like the Negrito, 

 and is positively itleutified with the protomorphs of fStratz. T^'pe A 

 is intermediate between the other two in many characters, and in others 

 it is uearlv like one or the other, so that it may be only an intermediate 



