478 SMITH. 



for shallow-bottomed, stern-wheel steamers for a distance of over 200 

 kilometers. The valley of the Rio Grande presents a wonderful stretch 

 of country. 



The Agusan River, next in size, flows from south to north in a fairly 

 uniform direction. It is probably at least 250 kilometers in length. 



Mindanao in general is rather densely covered with jungle containing 

 much fine forest. No large industries, unless it be agriculture, exist in the 

 island, if one sa^nnill, erected by Americans not far from the town 

 of Zamboanga is excepted. There are neither mines nor factories, the 

 little that has been accomplished has, for the greater part been the 

 result of the energy of a few Americans and Spaniards. For the most 

 part this great and enormously fertile island is a silent, almost trackless 

 jungle. 



We can only conjecture what the mineral wealth of Mindanao really is, 

 for few as yet have had the hardihood to attempt prospecting in this 

 region. 



IV. PEOPLE. 



The distribution of the different tribes can be learned by reference to 

 the map prepared by Dr. N. M. Saleeby ^^ to accompany his researches 

 into the life of these i5eoj)le. It is not my intention to discuss very fully 

 the racial characteristics of the people inhabiting Mindanao, as Dr. Sa- 

 leeby will do this fully and thoroughly. However, it will be necessary 

 to make brief mention of the character of the inhabitants in this paper 

 and to make this portion as accurate as possible I have not only drawn 

 from personal observations, but more frequently from Dr. Saleeby's first 

 work.^^ Other sources of information have also been used. 



A line extending rovighly from Iligan in a southeasterly direction to the Ki- 

 dapwan Mountains and thence south to Sarangani Bay will divide the island into 

 two great ethnological divisions. To the west of this line the Moros, a Moham- 

 medan people, are dominant. To the east are various tribes which in all prob- 

 ability spring from Malay stock and who presumably came to Mindanao long 

 before the Mohammedan invasion. The Sulu group to the south of Mindanao is 

 inhabited almost entirely by Moros. 



A considerable number of Visayans and a few Tagalogs, who have emigrated 

 from the northern islands, are encountered along the coasts and at the mouths of 

 some of the rivers. 



"Saleeby, N. M.: The History of Sulu, Puh. Div. Eth., Bureau of Science, 

 Manila (1908), 5, II. The map of Mindanao will be published in Dr. Saleebj'^s 

 Avork "The History of Magindanao" now in course of preparation. 



"Saleeby, N. M. : Studies in Moro History, Law, and Religion, Pui. Eth. Sur., 

 Manila (1905), 4, I. 



