488 SMITH. 



LAKE LANAO ASl) VICINITY. 



All of the work in the region of Zamboanga and the Sulu Archipelago 

 which it was at all feasible to undertake at this time having been com- 

 pleted, we left Zamboanga, JSTovember 6, for Overton. As our vessel kept 

 close to the coast, I was able to make some notes which throw considerable 

 light on the geologic changes now going on. The west coast of Mindanao 

 has verj' certainly risen in comparatively recent times. Near Point 

 Blanca on the northwestern part of the coast I saw a fine example of a 

 raised delta, the elevation amounting to at least 10 meters. The char- 

 acteristic structure of the delta was clearly revealed by the extensive 

 marine erosion which had taken place. There were also many fine terraces 

 shown along this coast and their existence supports the other evidence. 



The weather compelled us to run into a little cove near the point just 

 off Dapitan. Of all the many inlets along the coasts of these islands I 

 believe this to be one of the prettiest and most secure. No sign of an 

 entrance can be seen at less than a kilometer away and certainly this 

 point would be too "obscure to pick up at night. We went tlrrough a 

 channel not over 45 meters wide between walls which in the darlmess 

 I took to be limestone, and emerged into a splendid basin with water 

 as clear and placid as a mountain lake and with high walls on nearly 

 all sides. 



By noon of the next day we anchored off the little stone fort at the 

 entrance of Panguil Bay, which is in the extreme southwest eoi'ner of tlie 

 much larger Bay of Iligan. The most conspicuous object at this place 

 is Mount Malindang, an extinct volcano close to 2,700 meters in eleva- 

 tion lying to the west. Material from the slopes of this mountain is 

 basaltic as I discovered by going up Panguil Bay in a hanca in company 

 Avith Lieutenant Lattamore, Philippines Constabulary, and a detachment 

 of soldiers, landing at several points to enable me to go far enough inland 

 to examine the rocks, as there are no outcrops on the coast. 



Mount Malindang is an old crater the rim of which is broken down 

 on the side toward Misamis. It is for the most part covered with a 

 luxuriant mantle of timber forest; the soil on its slopes is of a ricli red 

 and is undoubtedly very fertile. 



A number of Visayan colonies exist on the west side of Panguil Bay, 

 but 9.11 the country to the east is Moro. 



We left this point on the morning of November 11 and reached Camp 

 Overton at a little after noon. Mr. Ickis was to join me at this point, 

 but as he was detained by quarantine. Lieutenant Caffery and I went 

 forward over the military road to Camp Keithley (745 meters) where 

 the climate is much cooler than in the coast towns. 



There is very little coastal plain in the region of Cami3 Overton, the 

 hills rising so abruptly that the road has to wind back and forth in order 

 to make the ascent. Tlie first j^art passes through raised coral reefs, in 



