MANY-PUNCTURED NOZZLES. 193 



would tend to dam up the small outlets. Such material, if kept in mo- 

 tion, does not impair the spray. Some of the examples showing this 

 principle in many-punctured nozzles, as discovered and applied by 

 myself, are represented in Plate XIV. Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. 



In Plate XIV, Fig. 1, c and c indicate two can-screw caps, s the per- 

 forated circumference, and a the spout which enters the chamber at a 

 tangent at x. 



A section showing the interior of a similar nozzle, which has but one 

 can-screw opening, appears in Fig. 2, in which a designates the eccen- 

 tric spout, and i a rotary brush inside of the rotation chamber, where it 

 is made to whirl by and with the water to wipe away clogging materi- 

 als from the perforated periphery. Differently formed brushes or other 

 bodies may be inserted on an axis or free, and one or more small, loose 

 projectiles can be placed inside for the same purposes. 



When nozzles of this form are used on watering pots it is generally 

 preferable to have the perforations on the outer rim, as shown, in order 

 to throw a flat fan-shaped spray ; but a head may be made as in Plate 

 XIV, Figs. 3 and 4, with a punctured face toward one side as a conven- 

 ient form for spraying sidewise in a broadcast manner or vertically 

 down or upwards. 



A sprinkler made on this plan, but with a flat cap-plate or an inserted 

 plug instead of the projecting screw-cap described, and with divergent 

 or colliding jets, is the best many-punctured nozzle for dragging or car- 

 rying beneath plants to squirt an upward spray; but better sjjrays for 

 this purpose are made by nozzles of class 4. 



Pltjg-eoses. — These are certain nozzles which emit the spray through 

 grooves cut in the surface of a plug or its surrounding wall. 



A rather curious nozzle of this class was used in the machine patented 

 in 1873 (Xos. 145571^ and 145572) by Mr. Jehu W. Johnson, of Colum- 

 bus, Tex.; and is illustrated in Plate XV, Fig. 4. 



A plug with parallel grooves as water passages along its outer sur- 

 face, and fitted into a cup-like expanded end of a tube, is held in place 

 and may be set out or in, to increase or diminish the spray, by an ad- 

 justable thumbscrew. The resultant spray is bell-shaped. 



Mr. J. 0. Melcher, of Black Jack Springs, Texas, is making a nozzle in 

 which a metallic grooved plug is used. The plug is a very flat cone, and 

 its rim projects beyond the jet pipe enough to spread the spray quite 

 wide. Inside of the pipe the apex of the cone has a projecting eye, 

 through which a string is drawn with its ends passed out through the 

 sides of the tube at points farther back, where the two ends are tied 

 together to hold the cone in place. 



A somewhat similar irrigating nozzle containing a grooved plug for 

 dividing water into a spray was patented in 1878 (Xo. 205733) by Mr. 

 Samuel Dawson, of Hempstead, X. Y., and a more spirally-grooved plug 

 for the same purpose and for giv^ing a rotary motion to the spray was 

 patented in 1879 (Xo. 220277) by Mr. F. X. Foster, of Buffalo, *X. Y. 

 63 CONG 13 



