198 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



especially with reference to the possibility of angular sprays for throw- 

 ing vertically as well as direct ones for broadcast work, the general style 

 of end shown in Plate XYI, Fig. 4, which is a rotation-chamber, <;, with 

 an eccentric entrance, x^ seems preferable. 



For broadcast throwing it will generally be most coovenient to use a 

 fan-shaped spray, projected straight ahead in the direction of the axis 

 of the supply pipe. This is attainable by a slit cut as from 2; to v in 

 Plate XYI, Fig. 3. 



But for throwing sidewise or upward or downward at an angle with 

 the spout axis and in the plane of rotation, shown by the arrow, a sim- 

 ilar slot from -y to or from zlo s should be used. 



If such a side-spray is desired, but in a plane at an angle with the 

 jjlane of rotation, the incision is made in the plane of the spray desired, 

 and preferably between s and z^ at or very near the entrance, where it 

 will correspond to the hole of a whistle and be benefited by the in- 

 creased spraying power at that point where the ingoing and outgoing 

 streams conflict with each other. 



The chamber should be capable of being opened to remove accumula- 

 tions from within, as will be shown iu several of the nozzles described 

 further on in this section. 



The lips of slit-nozzles ought to be cut slightly beveled, and bent 

 inward so that their innermost margins are most approximate and pro- 

 jecting somewhat into the chamber, in order that what passe.s through 

 these caunot lodge beyond and what strikes upon them will be in un- 

 stable equilibrium and cannot rest there. If the inverse form of lip be 

 tried particles will wedge into the slit rapidly, and much difficulty from 

 clogging arises. The slot needs to expand outwardly only to a slight 

 extent, but this is very essential, especially if the lips are thick, although 

 this may in a small degree impair the quality of the spray if the bevel is 

 much extended. To remedy this defect it is better to bevel only oue 

 lij), and have that bear a deflector lip or rim to correct irregularities 

 and equalize or thin the spray to the quality desired. Such a deflector 

 may be high or steep, to change the direction of the spray when this is 

 wished, but it must be observed that too much lip is apt to cause drip 

 of the fluid retarded by the adhesion or friction of its surface, or bj' its 

 resistance from being too steep, which is not advisable. Yet with large 

 broadcast sprays this waste jcan be collected and returned to the reser- 

 voir by Mr. Schier's device, shown in Plate XXIII, Fig. 1, and exi)lained 

 further on ; or by an arrangement patented by Mr. Anthony Iske, of 

 Lancaster, Pa., in 1880 (Xo. 232131), or others. The deflector may be 

 adjusted higher or lower by a movable slide or screw-juncture for the 

 purpose of pitching the spray higher or lower, and for covering part of 

 the slot to lessen or increase its discharge capacity at will. A deflector 

 of this kind is preferably made in the form of an inclined-edged slide 

 or as a bevel-edged screw-band around the nozzle. 



Also, the two lips can be adjustable toward and from each other to 



