CENTRIFUGAL NOZZLES. 211 



ing oue, it is strong, uicely made, and throws a spray of fair quality. In 

 recognition of the fact that si)rinklers of this group cause some drip 

 and waste thereby, Mr. Schier has combined with his nozzles a bowl- 

 shaped funnel, beneath the plate, ^, to catch the drip and return it 

 through a tube, r, leading back to the reservoir. 



In this connection may be noticed a nozzle patented in 1881 (ISTo. 

 238430) by Mr. A. J. Polansky, of Fayette ville, Tex., and which seems 

 to be only a simplification of that described above. It is represented 

 in Plate XXIII, Fig. 3, where h indicates a nozzle-chamber which can be 

 opened by the screw-cap, c, above. There is a central inlet below from 

 the spout,/, and outlets, ooo, exist at the side, the latter discharging jets 

 somewhat downward to be deflected by the rim, 1c. In the Fig. 4, below, 

 these parts are seen from above, c designating the cap and h the cham- 

 ber, Avhich is partly surrounded by the deflector-rim. This at its junct- 

 ure has semicircular holes, IcMj through which the drip from the plate 

 may descend into a pan, h, attached by the brace, ?, and to the spout, /. 

 But adjoining the spout,/, is a small passage, x, from which the collected 

 drip flows down the outer surface of the spout,/, to the reservoir. In 

 other forms of this nozzle an air-chamber is substituted for the cap, c, 

 to make the spray more constant. 



A nozzle having essentially the same form has been made by Mr. 

 Schier and is shown in Plate XXIII, Fig. 2. a is the inlet spout, h the 

 chamber, c its cap, serving as an air-chamber, while ooo indicates the ' 

 outlets and p the circular deflector-rim. This nozzle is specially in- 

 tended to screw on top of the upturned end of a pump-spout. It is 

 strong and neatly constructed of brass. Mr. Schier has also produced 

 a cheaper nozzle having a similar plan. A zinc can-screw cap forms 

 the chamber, which has a tin inlet spout and deflector-rim. 



All these three-jet nozzles make broadcast sprays of fair quality, 

 but throw too large a volume to be adaptable to poisoning from beneath, 

 and the capacity of their outlets cannot be reduced sufficiently without 

 becoming so small as to suffer from clogging. The only safe way to 

 diminish the quantity of the spray in such nozzles is by reducing the 

 number of outlets. 



CENTRIFUaAL NOZZLES. 

 (Plates XXIV, xxv, and xxvi.) 



Centrifugal sprinklers expand the jet by giving it a rapid rotary mo- 

 tion, which, by the centrifugal force generated, throws the fluid into a 

 shower of particles. Several styles of nozzles come under this head- 

 ing, as, 1, Eddy-chambered^ 2, Fistular, and 3, Spray-icheeled. 



Among these, those of the first sub-group, the Eddy-jet nozzles, are 

 the best. For broadcast sprays those shown in Plate XXY, Figs. 5 and 

 4, Plate XXVI, Fig. 1, and Plate XXIV, Fig. 1, are particularly recom- 

 mended. For single-row spray-jets applied above or beneath the foli- 



