CENTRIFUGAL THROWERS. 221 



for the solid jet and two smaller ones with crooked passages, which 

 conduct the water into the barrel in such an eccentric manner as to 

 cause rotation and a resultant sprfi.y. The narrow crooked passages 

 are easily clogged and not readily cleaned except in the case of the 

 one last mentioned, which is pictured in section in Plate XXVI, Fig. 

 6. The plug hole, c, directly connects the hose passage, a, with the 

 barrel, i — s, except when turned in the position shown, where the spiral 

 grooves, e e, give the eccentric sx)ray streams. These grooves being 

 cut entirely in the plug, any accumulations in them will be pulled out 

 with the plug when it is removed for cleaning, which gives some ad- 

 vantage over the others. This is the plan of the so-called " Faery 

 pipes " which are now for sale by the trade. Mr. John Gielow, of Chi- 

 cago, 111., patented in 1877 (No. 187123) a hose-nozzle producing the 

 rotation by a spiral worm-passage through the center of the plug 

 above and at right angles to its smooth bore, which does not appear to 

 have any special advantages. 



Mr. O. B. Hosford patented in 1881 (JS'o. 237684) a hose-pipe having 

 beyond the plug an annular stationary core with an objectionably com- 

 plex, eccentric course for producing rotation and choking. 



Spray-wheels. — Spray- wheels form a group of very different cen- 

 trifugal water- throwers including several fountain jets constructed on 

 the principles of Barker's mill and as oblique-faced spatter-wheels all 

 moved by the force of the jet, but none of these have proved of prac- 

 tical value for our present purposes. 



Allied to these are the centrifugal machines operated by power and 

 noticed hereafter as brush-throwers, whirling-reels, fans, and toothed 

 fans in the groups of throwers of poison, &c. 



n.— CENTRIFUGAL THROWERS. 



[Plate XXVII. ] 



In this section I present some results of my study and experimentation 

 pertaining to the use of rotary brushes, reels, &c. 



The sprinklers and dusters in this group are driven by hand-power or 

 machinery, and thus originate the motion of the poison, which receives 

 no other impulse. These should not be confounded with wheel-nozzles, 

 among centrifugal nozzles, where the motor power was already imparted 

 to the poison before it reached the wheel, which, instead of giving mo- 

 tion, only somewhat retards and deflects that of the poison, and this by 

 its impact operates the wheel from which it flies off. The devices here 

 to be noticed throw the poison by rotating tubes, reel prongs, brushes, 

 or recesses. 



Among these the brush- throwers promise most. They are not so lia- 

 ble to clog as are the common sifters and many-punctured sprinklers. 



