258 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



RECIPROCATING- OR PISTONED, PNEUMATIC SQUIRTERS. 

 [Plates XXXV to XXXVIL] 



In sucli apparatus as has just been alluded to for squirting liquid bj 

 produciuo' air-pressure upon it, a piston air-pump may be substituted 

 in place of tbe bellows or generator. Indeed, the air-pump is a most 

 powerful machine for this work, and is preferable to ordinary oscillat- 

 ing bellows where high pressure is desired. On the other hand air- 

 pumps have been more expensive. One reason for this is because their 

 mechanical execution involves very accurate turning and fitting. But 

 they may be made in a cheaper simplified style, available for squirting, 

 as has already been shown in my pump, illustrated in Plate XXXY, 

 Fig. 1, and explained on page — . That pump is operated in the po- 

 sition shown by seizing its side handles with both hands and thus mov- 

 ing the cylinder up and down. The same is also worked substitutivelj 

 by machinery, by a lever, or by a single or double acting pedal. When 

 the single-acting pedal is employed it is especially of value to use a 

 large spiral spring insidC; to cause the return stroke by its recoil. 



An inverted air-pump, worked by a pedal linked to the piston -rod 

 and' having pipe connections with a barrel for forcing out beer, &c., is 

 manufactured by the Worswick Manufacturing Company, Cleveland^ 

 Ohio, and is sold under tbe name *' Bellows Xo. 2.'' 



Also an apparatus available for similar purposes is manufactured bj 

 Mr. H. Weindel, of 405 Xorth Fourth street, Philadelphia. 



Air-pumps that may be used in combination with squirting apparat- 

 uses, and worked by hand-lever or crank, are manufactured by Messrs. 

 Eumsey & Co., of Seneca Falls, X. Y., and Messrs W. & B. Douglas, 

 -of Middletown, Conn. They are strong and show good workmanship. 

 One of the simplest and cheapest of these is that illustrated in Plate 

 XXXV, Fig. 2, and described above. Its spout, s, and the barrel, /', 

 should be connected to the pipe, Jc. 



An interesting machine of this class is that patented (Xo. 200376) 

 "February 19, 1878, by ]\[r. W. J. Daughtrey, of Selma, Ala. Concern- 

 ing it and the matter quoted below from Bulletin Xo. 3, the following 

 .should be added. His patent papers mark an important epoch in the 

 history of the methods of poisoning the Cotton Worm, since they em- 

 ibody the first presentation published or on record of the idea that 

 poison should be applied to the under surfaces of the cotton foliage, and 

 in the finest spray possible. These ideas are there set forth in the 

 strongest manner by Mr. Daughtrey in the following language : 



^'As the lower sides of the plant-leiives are generally infested hy the vermin, the 

 nozzles are so arranged as to force their fine sprays upward, but they may. with little 

 jabor be set or arranged to deliver their sprays almost in any direction desirable. As 

 the lower sides of the leaves are more susceptible of retaining moisture, my method, 

 of forcing the poisonous spray upward will suit the majority of cases, as the purpose 

 is to keep the poison in direct contact with the food of the vermin, and so insnre the 

 destruction of the latter. * * * i am aware that sprinklers have been made and 

 used for sprinkling plants, but in such cases the shower of drops is too heavy to be 

 retained by the plants, and consequently the greater part of the shower glides off the 



