PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION SQUIRTERS. 259 



leaves and is deposited in the ground which is thereby poisoned and rendered unlit 

 for the growth of the plants, while the waste of labor and material can hardly be com- 

 pensated by the benefit of such a mode. Fine showers without artifical pressure have 

 also been adopted ; but by this mode the small drops have not enough power to pen- 

 etrate the minute fur or other protective coverings or coatings of the under side of 

 the leaves, and consequently accumulate and form drops too large to be sustained by 

 the leaves, and so fall to the ground. Such fine showers have been created by means 

 of fine orifices which are easily obstructed, and deliver but a very small quantity of 

 liquid. The openings, tn, in my improved nozzle, N, are large in comparison with the 

 aforesaid orifices and deliver a great quantity of liquid, so that the machine may be 

 moved at the usual gait of the team without failure of the necessary supply. The 

 spray produced by the two inclined streams meeting outside of the nozzle, N, is at once 

 copious, powerful, and extremely fine, the latter especially, because the small drops 

 created by the concussion of the two streams spread in every direction, while in a 

 small single orifice they propel one another in only one line and in close succession." 



No one ever stated or demonstrated the modern trne theory of treat- 

 ment for the Cotton Worm more fully and clearly than did Mr. Daugh- 

 trey, its originator. Indeed, no advance whatever was made in this 

 particular direction of spraying from beneath until after I was em- 

 ployed by Professor Kiley on the United States Entomological Commis- 

 sion, The problem of thus spraying from below with simpler and more 

 satisfactory methods was one that he had at heart and with which I 

 was charged, and have labored at not only while on the staff of the 

 Commission but subsequently during my leisure time and vacation 

 while acting professor of entomology and invertebrate zoology at Cor- 

 nell University. In fact, the more compound machines described in parts 

 of this report were invented and built while I was in Ithaca and during 

 which time, though the cost of material and construction was i)aid for 

 by the commission, I received no i^ay. 



By the results as exemplified in this report it is shown, contrary 

 to Mr. Daughtrey's recorded views: (1) That the largest discharge- 

 outlet for the finest spray is attained otherwise than by the two con- 

 verging jets; (2) that instead of two descending hooked pipes, or one 

 carried twice, one in each interspace between the rows is preferable 

 and to use descending Y^orks and one-fourth as many or one 'with 

 two sprays in each alternate space will answer ; (3) that whether the 

 converging jet outlets or any reverbratory chamber outlet or outlets 

 for the jets be used, the opening is best made laterally through the 

 wall of the tube and not directly from its end, but most preferably from 

 the wall of a reverbratory cavity, or from the side of the inlet thereto. 

 His machine also introduces in insect destroyers a new method of 

 keeping the poison mixed with the water, expressed as follows : 



"In leaving the openings, P, the air makes its way up through the water in the barrel, 

 and produces a continuous and powerful agitation, whereby the water is thoroughly 

 combined with its poisonous admixtures." 



Mr. Daughtrey has shown much ingenuity and mechanical skill in 

 the machine which he invented, to embody his ideas. He had developed 

 the right objects in his mind, but introduced in his machine complica- 



