HYDRONETTES, ETC. 265 



flictioii with the pumping. Tiie greatest freedom in the use of this im- 

 plement is attained by inserting its suction-pipe in a knapsack-can for 

 the poison liquid. To pump from a vessel which must rest upon the 

 ground the pumping has to stoj) whenever the position of the vessel is 

 to be changed. A second person can carry the receptacle, but this is 

 really less satisfactory and far less economic than to use the knapsack- 

 can. This combination of such pumps with the knapsack-cau was pat- 

 ented (Xo. 209G6S) as a "fire extinguishing apparatus " by Messrs. J. E. 

 Condict and Albert J. Doty, of Philadelphia, Pa., on November 5, 1878. 

 These pumps also have a wi le application for various purposes, such as 

 washing windows, vehicle's, &c., which gives them a great value in ad- 

 dition to that for throwing poison. The combinations already noticed 

 are best suited to apply the poison on small patches of the plants, or 

 where the worms have appeared only in some isolated spots in the fields , 

 but for general, broadcast poisoning they hax% been more successfully 

 used on horseback or from a cart or wagon. 



A horsehach method of employing these pumps may be illustrated 

 by plate XLl, Fig. 1, which represents one being operated to take and 

 distribute the poison from a pair of rubber bags hung across the back 

 of a horse. The two bags are joined above by straps, and in front are 

 provided with hose pipes which unite with each other and with the suc- 

 tion-hose of the pump. This point of juncture is seen in front. These 

 bags, though somewhat costly" as compared with other horseback re. 

 ceptacles for carrying poison, answer the purpose well, and their use 

 for poisoning cotton fields has been due to the ingenuity of Oapt. Jack- 

 son Warner,, of Austin, Tex., who has manufactured them for some 

 years in combination with another pump. 



The use of an eddy-jet and extension-pipe such as is presented in 

 Plate XXXIX, Figs. 2 and 3, for delivering a good spray at a safer 

 distance from the rider, is an improvement introduced for all broadcast 

 distributing apparatuses as well as for applying poison to the nether 

 surfaces, and these will be used to much advantage with the various 

 kinds of horseback receptacles already devised. The person wearing 

 the knapsack apparatus shown in Plate XXXIX, Fig. 2, can use it for 

 broadcast work on horseback, in which case he may still wear the can 

 upon himself or he can hang it upon the saddle or horse, as he chooses. 

 Also, by duplication, a pair of such cans, with or without a sipho con- 

 nection, and hung across the horse, answers well to give balancement 

 and sui)ply the pump. 



The method of using these pumps from a barrel or tank in a cart or 

 wagon is illustrated in Plate XXXYIII. 



"The most common mode of using them is the following: A barrel 

 containing the liquid is put on a cart or wagon and drawn over the 

 field. One hand is employed, if necessary, to keep the poison stirred 

 up, while three others, each with one of these pumps, apply the liquid 

 from the rear of the wagon, one taking charge of the three inner rows, 



