268 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



across the field and do it well. lucluding the time spent in filling the barrel it took 

 forty-five minutes for each barrel of i^oison put out; or, in ten hours, three hands and 

 four mules would poison about 13 acres." — /&., p. 225. 



CouceruiDg these statements it should be added that (1) in the light 

 of more recent improvements by this method the poison is not applied 

 " with a minimum number of hands " ; (2) the enlargement of the holes 

 in rose-nozzles is objectionable as impairing the quality of the spray 

 by increasing the quantity of liquid thrown; and (3) if a larger pump of 

 the same kind is used to distribute more water, it will not be '' with 

 less labor," for with the same style of pump the mechanical rule must 

 be that the labor varies directly in proportion to the capacity or to 

 the quantity distributed. 



It seems that in former reports only the single-acting hand-pumps 

 were alluded to or recommended. B3' looking up everything in the trade 

 and in the Patent Office, so far as my time would i)ermit, it has become 

 possible to report upon quite a number of others, some of which, as 

 noticed above, are double-acting, and hence much preferable to those 

 which were formerly represented as the best. 



In this connection it should also be added that although the hydro- 

 nettes and fountain pumps are certainly the best hand-pumps, and, in- 

 deed, excellent for throwing broadcast sprays from barrels or tanks 

 and for applying single jets beneath plants, yet we cannot regard those 

 heretofore made as the best barrel-pumps or tank-pumps, since others 

 more suitable for such purposes will be noticed more proi^eriy under 

 the title of "Barrel and Tank Pumps," further on. 



Finally, it should be added that there are, besides these described, 

 ether patented modifications in pumps of the above group, but which 

 have not yet found the trade to much extent. It is probable that they 

 will not compete successfully with those presented above, and in most 

 cases they add complication and expense of construction. Their most 

 noteworthy features may be briefly noticed in chronological order. 

 That by Mr. T. J. Mayall, of Boston, Mass., as patented April 16, 1872 

 (^N'o. 125824), has a valve in the dischar^ge end of the i)iston, and close 

 below this a valved suction-inlet through a side-haft to the piston. This 

 enables the nozzle to be held steady, and not have a reciprocating 

 motion, only the cylinder being slid back and forth. Another patent 

 (No. 129750), issued July 23, 1872, to Mr. W. B. Eobins, of Ko. 1, Upper 

 Gordon street, Euston square, Middlesex County, Englantl, has for its 

 most important feature the introduction of an air-chambered coupling 

 between the suction-hose of a hydrouette and any supply pipe which 

 may be connected thereto. Again, in No. 139263, on May 27, 1873, Mr. 

 Robins patented the addition of a third or outside concentric cylinder 

 with a third valve (of annular form) to provide double suction ; the 

 suction being continuous during both strokes of the piston, in single 

 acting, or intermittently discharging hydronettes. Also, in No. 154343, 

 on August 25, 1874, the same gentleman patented in the piston of a 



