BUCKET AND KNAPSACK PUMPS. 273 



discharge directly from the basal axis of the cylinder, appears in patent 

 Ko. 108087. This enables it to be used as are syringes and other hand- 

 pumps of the single-acting kind. 



Mr. E. M. Crandal, of Chicago, 111., patented, in No. 175039, March 21, 

 1876, a pump bearing a bucket on the tops of its parallel pistons and 

 air-cylinders, which are mounted on a foot beneath. The pump has a 

 lever with its end hinged to the edge of the bucket and its middle to 

 the piston-rod. This bears a perforated head and valve allowiug the 

 liquid from the bucket to gravitate and suck through downward when 

 the piston is raised. The valved branch-spout, excurrent from the base 

 of the piston-cylinder, leads through an air-cylinder, which has a hang- 

 ing discharge-spout reduced for a hose extension. 



A pump having basal suction but otherwise like the foregoing and 

 immersed entirely inside of a bucket was patented in No. 18749G, Feb- 

 ruary 20, 1877, by Mr. W. Westlake, of Chicago. 



The two last-noticed apparatuses have value chiefly as cheaf) garden 

 sprinklers and window- washers. 



In such pumps, with solid piston-heads as have been noticed above, 

 Mr. J. M. Holland, of Wilmington, Del., has introduced a simplification 

 consisting of a piston-rod, handle, head, and guide all cast in one piece 

 and covered by his patent No. 206151, July 30, 1878. The pump with 

 which he has combined it more specially is double barreled, the larger 

 barrel being an air-chamber surrounding a hanging discharge-spout. 



The "Patent Knapsack Engine," manufactured by Messrs. W. and B. 

 Douglas, of Middletown, Conn., is not handy enough for field work. It 

 consists of a pump, probably similar to the "Aquarius,'' inserted in a 

 can. 



The fire-extinguisher of Mr. J. W. Stanton, of New York City, and 

 patented in No. 223402, January 6, 1880, can be used for broadcast 

 work over very small patches, but is like the preceding ax^paratus in not 

 being handy for field use. It seems to consist of an "Aquapult" in- 

 serted firmly in a can. Its nozzle is novel, as noticed above. 



An insect-destroyer, consisting of a hucket with a deeply-recessed 

 bottom, with a rose pendant in the center of the recess and a cylinder 

 therefrom extending into the bucket to admit water by perforations 

 in its sides when a weighted or spring valve or valve-piston is lifted in 

 the cylinder by a piston-rod terminating in a finger-loop beneath the 

 handle, was patented in No. 193417, July 24, 1877, by Mr. E. J. McDon- 

 ald, of Madison, Ohio. Also a similar device was patented in No. 209372, 

 October 27, 1878, by Mr. W. B. Allen, of Orleans, N. T. These (Plate 

 LV, Figs. 1 and 2) allow the spray to descend only at the will of the 

 operator, and with a force greater than it would receive from the weight 

 of the liquid alone. Such cans avoid the tilting of the vessel which is 

 necessary with the ordinary watering-pots, and are thus more con- 

 venient. 



Eelated to these is the " poison distributor" of Messrs. J. Amor and 

 63 CONG 18 



