GRAVITATIONAL; SPRINKLERS. 237 



repair tlie machine or put it together without engaging a plumber. 

 And this is a weighty reason why hose-couplings only should be em- 

 ployed in all tubing that must be manipulated by those who are not 

 plumbers. The principles here set forth will also find application in 

 many other machines. 



Another method of setting the system of nozzles wider apart or 

 nearer together to suit fields having rows of different widths is the 

 simplest, as effected by the A-frames. In these it is only necessary to 

 shift one bolt on the cross-bar and all the branches at once are thereby 

 approximated or sepaiated to suit narrower or wider rows without 

 necessitating the alterations of any pipe-joint. The dichotomous sys- 

 tem of pipes thus adjusted upon any suitable conveyance gives excel- 

 lent satisfaction and is employable with any suitable forcing medium, 

 for bellows, gravitation, pumps, and gas generators have been utilized 

 by me in testing these systems. The engagement of gravitation in this 

 connection will next be considered. 



VI. GRAVITATIOKAL DISTRIBUTORS. 



EOR LIQUID POISON. 



In these only the weight of the liquid or the gravitational force is 

 engaged for spraying or sprinkhng. The devices under this heading 

 may be classed as, 1, Wheeled, 2, Horse-back, 3, Kn-apsack, and, 4, 

 Hand automatic sprinklers. 



Wheeled Automatic Sprinklers. — Closely related to the forego- 

 ing apparatuses is another appearing in Plate L. This I have called The 

 Tripod Automatic SprinMer. Th e frame is triangular upon legged- wheel s 

 at its corners, its two lateral corners with extension-arms spliced upon 

 the cross-piece and not radially placed, while its front is provided with 

 shafts, and on top is mounted a tripod with a windlass, pulley, and rope 

 for lifting and holding suspended at a considerable height the barrel of 

 poison as shown. The whole poisons twelve rows at one time, or a stri]) 

 about 40 feet wide. It is drawn easily by a single mule and requires but 

 one man, the driver, to operate it. He rides upon a seat near the front 

 and can work the windlass to lift the poison from the ground to such a 

 height that gravitation gives the pressure for squirting. The legs are 

 arches (of iron f inch by 3 inches thick) i^i voted to the frame and clamped 

 to it by nuts upon their bolts (1 inch thick) at the top. Through the lower 

 extremity of the forked legs is the iron bolt, which serves as the axle of the 

 wheel. Common wagon or cart wheels, having the hub filled with a tight 

 plug perforated bj an axial hole suited to turn, or turn upon, the iron bolt, 

 answer for use in the legs, saving the expense of making special ones at 

 much cost for the machine. The top pivots of the leg-arches also bolt the 

 rear cross-bar, and the two diagonal bars and these parts with the wheels 

 also may be set wider or narrower to other holes in the cross-bar. The 



