LIGHT TRAPS. 315 



therefore omitted ; wliile still others are too complicated and expensive 

 to warrant mention. A few words have still to be said concerniDg the 

 mixture to be used, in connection with the lamps, for killing the moth. 

 Almost any sticky substance, such as paint, tar, molasses, soap-suds, 

 &c., will answer the purpose ; but the cheapest and most effective means 

 is to half fill the pan with water, and then pour in a tablespoonful of 

 kerosene. The mixture can be strained off in the morning and used 

 a gain. 



"A simple lamp, first made by Col. Cliarlos Lewis, of Heaine, Tex. 

 has for some time been in use in the fields in the Brazos Eiver bottom. 

 It consists of the usual shallow tin plate placed upon a board that is 

 nailed to the upper end of a stake or post. In the middle of this pan 

 is placed a common kerosene lantern, large enough to burn the whole 

 night, or at least the larger part thereof. In 1878 the planters near 

 Hearne, Tex., were nightly burniug over 1,000 of these lamias during a 

 period of several weeks. The cost of this lamp, with the tin pan, is be- 

 tweeen 30 and 40 cents, and the cost of burning it one night about 1 

 cent. One lamp is generally used for every five acres where the land is 

 level, but at shorter intervals where it is rolling. 



^' IJie McQueen Lamp. — This again does not materially differ from the 

 others so far mentioned. Patented by Mr. B. F. McQueen, of Manack, 

 Ala. (Xo. 166124, July 27, 1875), it consists of an ordinary lantern which 

 is secarftd to the center of a shallow basin, beneath which is fastened a 

 tube intended to fit on a post or stake. At the top of the lantern is a 

 horizontal screen of tin, forming a reflector and serving also to precipitate 

 theinsects in the pan below. An illustration of this appears in Plate LX, 

 Fig. 2, where C represents its attachment to a stake, B is the pan, A the 

 lantern, and D the reflector. The reflector not only throws the light, 

 but the insects that ascend at the side of the lantern strike it and fall 

 down into the pan. 



'' The Rigel Lamp. — Invented and patented by Mr. Mark Eigel, of Ala- 

 bama (patent dated January 28, 1873), this lamp differs only in being 

 made so as to hang by a ring, and in the lantern having in addition to a 

 horizontal reflector several vertical ones. 



"There is another class of lamjjs of a still simpler nature, consisting 

 of a torch-light, large enough to prevent its being extinguished by the 

 wind, and placed in the middle of a tin pan. While cheaper than those 

 with a steady light, they are decidedly less effective, and, moreover, 

 they consume more oil. The simplest lamp of this class is a stout bottle 

 filled with kerosene and mounted with a wick. 



^^TheWallcerLamp. — This has been constructed by Mr. John E.Walker, 

 of Winchester, Tex., and is represented herewith (Plate LX, Fig. 4). 

 It consists of the usual tin pan placed on a post, and of a short, funnel- 

 shaped pipe soldered to its center. A second hollow tube of the same 

 shape, inverted, is attached to the bottom of the oil reservoir so as to 

 fit firmly over the first. The reservoir has at the top a raised mouth, 



