NOTES. [105] 



clause (not in the paper as read or as printed at the time in the New York Tribune) ia 

 added, admitting the possibility of hibernation in Florida and southern Texas. Mr. 

 Grote based his views on an experience had in what is known as the central cotton 

 belt of Georgia and Alabama. The exact northern or southern limits of this belt are 

 not stated, but it includes most of the cauebrake region of the latter State, and 

 extends south of what, in a broader way, we have destined as the southern or hiber- 

 nating portion of the whole cotton belt. The arguments against the theory of annual 

 immigration are therefore based on experience gained, in great part, in the same lati- 

 tude and regions referred to by Mr. Grote. In 1878, Mr. Grote was connected with 

 the Department of Agriculture, and in the work allotted to him we directed him to 

 pay particular attention to this question of hibernation, and it is due him to state 

 that his investigations in southern Georgia, according to his report submitted, led him 

 to admit the possibility of the moths hibernating there, though as late as January, 1879, 

 he was reported as having confirmed "his theory" that "the fly comes from the West 

 Indies with the south winds every year." {Popular Science Monthly, vol. xiv, p. 406.) 



Note 21 (p. 20). — A rough division of the cotton belt into a northern and southern 

 portion was made in the Introduction to the first edition of this work, and we repro- 

 duce it here as a means of defining what we mean by the southern portion of the belt : 



Some similar classification of the cotton belt will also greatly aid in the treatment 

 of this Cotton Worm question, and as a temporary classification, to be elaborated in 

 future, I have divided said belt into, first, the southern or permanent portion, where the 

 first worms annually appear and the moths in all probability hibernate ; second, the 

 northern or temporary portion, in which the insect does not hiberiftite, but into which 

 it spreads, either by gradual dispersion or by more sudden migration, from the perma- 

 nent portion. The dividing line between these two portions must needs be difficult 

 to define, because there is an uncertain region that may, according to season or cir- 

 cumstance, belong to either, and also because of the limited observations that have 

 yet been made. Taking the early appearance of the worms as a basis, the southern 

 portion may be thus roughly defined : Beginning with Texas, it includes the region 

 south of the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railroad, excluding perhaps the 

 extreme western portion, but extending somewhat farther north along the river bot- 

 toms. In Louisiana and Mississippi it includes the valley of the Mississijipi Eiver 

 and its tributaries, with uncertain northern limits. In Alabama it is represented by 

 the limestone cotton belt south of Montgomery, though probably extending farther 

 north to the east of that point. In Georgia it does not extend north of Albany on the 

 west, but doubtless includes the sea islands along the coast, as also those of South 

 Carolina, though at the present time cotton cultivation is limited to Saint Catharine's 

 Island. In Florida it includes all parts where cotton is grown. 



Note 22 (p. 37). — This claim of Professor Stelle's is later referred to in Chapter 

 XIV, and more fully discussed in Note 57, to which the reader is referred. 



Note 23 (p. 56). — These organs in Leucarctia acrea were figured and again described 

 in Papilio, vol. iii, pp.41, 42 (Febr., 1883), by Mr. R. H. Stretch, of California, and 

 his query as to whether they had been noticed at the East brought forth notes from 

 A. R. Grote, of New York, and C. M. Weed, of Lansing, Mich. (Papilio, iii, p. 84, Apr., 

 1883). The latter stated that he had found similar organs in the male of PyrrJiarciia 

 Isabella. 



Note 24 (p. 85). — Our remarks on this subject were as follows: 

 " The worm in my estimation is worse in wet weather than in dry, not so much be- 

 cause such weather is more favorable to its development, as because it prevents the 

 numerous enemies from so efiectually performing their accustomed task. The ubiqui- 

 tous ant, ever ready to pounce upon the young worm when it is helpless, as at the 

 time of hatching or of molting, and the many flying wasps, ichneumons and other in- 

 sects that constantly search the leaves for this soft prey, are hindered in their pre- 

 daceous work; while the worm, relieved of these watchful checks to its increase, de- 

 velops apace. It is on the same grounds that I would explain the fact so generally 

 noted, that the worm first appears in particular parts of a field. Such spots are gen- 

 erally the low and moist spots where the cotton grows most luxuriantly, and where 

 ants least abound. They represent the spots of least molestation to the youag woim." 

 * * * (Abstract of an address before the Mobile Cotton Exchange, and published 

 in Mobile Register, July 9, 1879, and Colorado (Tex.) Citizen, of July 17, 1879.) 



