﻿RESEARCH 
  ON 
  THE 
  GOLD 
  COAST. 
  33 
  

  

  (5.) 
  Trypanosomiasis 
  of 
  Stock. 
  

  

  Very 
  few 
  cattle 
  are 
  bred 
  in 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast 
  ; 
  the 
  great 
  majority 
  of 
  those 
  slaughtered 
  

   in 
  the 
  Colony 
  are 
  brought 
  from 
  the 
  Moshi 
  country 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Northern 
  Territories 
  ; 
  

   but 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  breed 
  of 
  non-humped 
  cattle 
  bred 
  in 
  the 
  Addah-Kwitta 
  country, 
  

   known 
  as 
  Addah 
  cattle. 
  Of 
  the 
  cattle 
  brought 
  down 
  from 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  slaughtered 
  

   in 
  Coomassie 
  for 
  food 
  about 
  80 
  per 
  cent, 
  harbour 
  trypanosomes. 
  In 
  Accra 
  during 
  1911 
  

   Dr. 
  J. 
  M. 
  O'Brien 
  found 
  that 
  17 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  cattle 
  had 
  trypanosomes, 
  and 
  says 
  

   " 
  when 
  there 
  was 
  opportunity 
  to 
  make 
  enquiries 
  concerning 
  the 
  animals 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  

   smears 
  originated, 
  it 
  was 
  always 
  found 
  that 
  those 
  with 
  trypanosomiasis 
  were 
  taken 
  from 
  

   the 
  humped 
  cattle 
  from 
  the 
  North." 
  In 
  1912 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  Addah 
  cattle 
  were 
  

   found 
  to 
  harbour 
  trypanosomes, 
  but 
  Dr. 
  Connal 
  informs 
  me 
  that 
  during 
  6J 
  months 
  

   when 
  he 
  was 
  stationed 
  at 
  Kwitta 
  he 
  found 
  none 
  in 
  the 
  cattle 
  in 
  that 
  region. 
  It 
  

   would 
  thus 
  appear 
  that 
  trypanosomiasis 
  of 
  cattle 
  is 
  all 
  too 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast. 
  

  

  Horses 
  also 
  suffer 
  greatly 
  from 
  this 
  disease, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  few 
  

   places, 
  are 
  restricted 
  to 
  certain 
  districts 
  in 
  the 
  Northern 
  Territories. 
  According 
  to 
  

   Mr. 
  Beal, 
  the 
  Veterinary 
  Surgeon, 
  Trypanosoma 
  dimorphon, 
  T. 
  pecaudi 
  and 
  T. 
  cazal- 
  

   boui 
  are 
  equally 
  prevalent 
  in 
  horses, 
  while 
  only 
  the 
  two 
  last-named 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  

   cattle 
  ; 
  the 
  first 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  dogs. 
  

  

  Two 
  out 
  of 
  83 
  sheep 
  examined 
  at 
  Accra 
  were 
  found 
  with 
  trypanosomes 
  similar 
  to 
  

   those 
  in 
  cattle. 
  

  

  Only 
  one 
  case 
  of 
  trypanosomiasis 
  in 
  a 
  goat 
  has 
  been 
  recorded, 
  but 
  no 
  pig 
  has 
  been 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  infected. 
  

  

  (6.) 
  Spirochaetosis. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  J. 
  M. 
  O'Brien 
  records 
  two 
  cases 
  of 
  spirochaete 
  infection 
  in 
  sheep 
  and 
  one 
  in 
  a 
  

  

  VI. 
  The 
  Distribution 
  op 
  the 
  Genus 
  Glossina. 
  

  

  In 
  many 
  respects 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast 
  resembles 
  Nigeria 
  ; 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  vegetation 
  are 
  

   the 
  same, 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  rainfall 
  is 
  similar, 
  and 
  the 
  differences 
  in 
  the 
  dura- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  wet 
  and 
  dry 
  seasons 
  are 
  closely 
  paralleled. 
  The 
  colony 
  of 
  the 
  Gold 
  

   Coast 
  may 
  be 
  compared 
  with 
  Southern 
  Nigeria, 
  except 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  delta 
  of 
  

   the 
  Niger 
  has 
  features 
  peculiar 
  to 
  itself 
  not 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast 
  ; 
  Ashanti 
  has 
  

   its 
  analogue 
  in 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  Southern 
  Nigeria 
  and 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  Northern 
  

   Nigeria 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  Northern 
  Territories 
  of 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast 
  are 
  comparable 
  in 
  every 
  

   way 
  with 
  the 
  northern 
  portion 
  of 
  Northern 
  Nigeria. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  species 
  of 
  Glossina, 
  ten 
  in 
  number, 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  both 
  Colonies, 
  and 
  their 
  

   distribution 
  is 
  limited 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  natural 
  features 
  in 
  both. 
  These 
  species 
  belong 
  

   to 
  all 
  the 
  four 
  groups 
  described 
  by 
  Austen 
  in 
  his 
  " 
  Handbook 
  of 
  the 
  Tsetse-Flies." 
  

   It 
  must 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  the 
  records 
  at 
  present 
  available 
  are 
  far 
  from 
  exhaustive, 
  

   but 
  the 
  following 
  notes 
  may 
  serve 
  to 
  illustrate 
  the 
  general 
  trend 
  of 
  the 
  

   distribution 
  of 
  each 
  species. 
  The 
  accompanying 
  map 
  will 
  show 
  this 
  more 
  

   graphically. 
  

  

  Palpalis 
  Group. 
  

  

  Four 
  species 
  belonging 
  to 
  this 
  group 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Gold 
  Coast. 
  By 
  far 
  the 
  

   most 
  widely 
  distributed 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  G. 
  palpalis, 
  which 
  is 
  closely 
  associated 
  with 
  all 
  

   the 
  river 
  systems. 
  In 
  the 
  Colony 
  and 
  Ashanti 
  it 
  is 
  almost 
  universally 
  distributed, 
  

   C 
  10 
  c 
  

  

  