﻿AND 
  DESTEUCTION 
  OF 
  GLOSSINA 
  MORSITANS. 
  89 
  

  

  these 
  villages. 
  African 
  villages 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  have 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  definite 
  patches 
  of 
  forest, 
  

   light 
  or 
  otherwise, 
  surrounding 
  them, 
  for 
  various 
  reasons. 
  The 
  paths 
  from 
  such 
  

   villages 
  leading 
  to 
  main 
  roads, 
  gardens, 
  water 
  supplies 
  and 
  neighbouring 
  villages 
  

   traverse 
  these 
  patches 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  such 
  positions 
  that 
  tsetses 
  are 
  found. 
  Where 
  there 
  

   are 
  groups 
  of 
  villages 
  arranged 
  somewhat 
  in 
  continuity, 
  one 
  does 
  not 
  find 
  much 
  game 
  

   immediately 
  near 
  or 
  between 
  such 
  habitations, 
  at 
  any 
  rate 
  not 
  during 
  the 
  day, 
  yet 
  

   in 
  fly 
  districts 
  tsetses 
  are 
  invariably 
  present 
  in 
  such 
  situations, 
  if 
  the 
  conditions 
  are 
  

   not 
  unsuitable, 
  such 
  as 
  " 
  dambo 
  " 
  areas 
  or 
  sandy 
  soil 
  near 
  the 
  lake, 
  and 
  rough 
  rocky 
  

   elevated 
  country 
  with 
  little 
  vegetation 
  inland. 
  Such 
  places 
  are 
  unsuitable 
  for 
  much 
  

   vegetable 
  growth, 
  superficial 
  moisture 
  is 
  absent 
  and 
  subsoil 
  water 
  is 
  probably 
  at 
  a 
  

   great 
  depth 
  ; 
  forest 
  cannot 
  support 
  itself 
  and 
  without 
  some 
  continuity 
  of 
  trees, 
  

   however 
  irregular, 
  fly 
  cannot 
  exist 
  in 
  any 
  numbers. 
  Travelling 
  through 
  such 
  areas 
  

   fly 
  are 
  not 
  seen, 
  nor 
  are 
  they 
  found 
  feeding 
  on 
  game 
  shot 
  in 
  " 
  dambos," 
  except 
  when 
  

   near 
  the 
  fringe 
  of 
  forest 
  harbouring 
  the 
  fly. 
  It 
  is 
  observed 
  that 
  in 
  favourable 
  places 
  

   some 
  distance 
  from 
  dense 
  fly 
  " 
  centres," 
  one 
  finds 
  small 
  belts 
  or 
  rings 
  of 
  fly 
  con- 
  

   gregated 
  round 
  villages 
  and 
  in 
  forest 
  patches 
  on 
  one 
  or 
  other 
  or 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  

   roads 
  between 
  villages, 
  the 
  numbers 
  fluctuating 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  season. 
  So 
  that 
  the 
  

   villagers 
  are 
  constantly 
  fed 
  on, 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  year, 
  by 
  these 
  flies 
  every 
  time 
  

   they 
  leave 
  or 
  return 
  to 
  their 
  villages. 
  It 
  is 
  obvious 
  that 
  inland 
  villages 
  must 
  generally 
  

   be 
  situated, 
  in 
  such 
  positions 
  ; 
  forest 
  is 
  to 
  the 
  native 
  not 
  only 
  an 
  indication 
  of 
  arable 
  

   land, 
  but 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  protection 
  from 
  heat 
  and 
  weather 
  conditions 
  ; 
  the 
  timber 
  and 
  

   grass 
  is 
  utilised 
  for 
  building 
  purposes 
  and 
  fuel. 
  Water 
  supplies 
  must 
  also 
  be 
  near 
  at 
  

   hand, 
  and 
  as 
  these 
  conditions 
  — 
  i.e. 
  forest 
  and 
  relative 
  humidity, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  

   natives, 
  their 
  sheep, 
  goats 
  and 
  dogs 
  — 
  supply 
  all 
  the 
  wants 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  they 
  therefore 
  

   are 
  likely 
  to 
  persist 
  in 
  frequenting 
  these 
  haunts. 
  It 
  is 
  seen 
  that 
  along 
  the 
  Kiver 
  

   Lipimbi 
  the 
  rough 
  continuity 
  of 
  villages, 
  i.e. 
  19 
  over 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  some 
  8|- 
  miles, 
  

   their 
  garden-clearings, 
  etc., 
  has 
  performed 
  a 
  natural 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  fly-belt 
  at 
  the 
  

   junction 
  between 
  its 
  southern 
  extension 
  from 
  the 
  Lingadzi 
  area 
  (No. 
  4) 
  and 
  the 
  

   northern 
  extension 
  from 
  the 
  Ny 
  ansa 
  to 
  area 
  (No. 
  3). 
  

  

  The 
  prophylactic 
  clearings 
  which 
  were 
  adopted 
  made 
  a 
  still 
  further 
  and 
  decided 
  

   impression, 
  so 
  much 
  so 
  that 
  after 
  the 
  summer 
  grass 
  fires 
  had 
  swept 
  the 
  country 
  

   scarcely 
  a 
  single 
  fly 
  was 
  noticeable 
  along 
  the 
  road 
  between 
  Mtalamanja's 
  village 
  and 
  

   Msosa's, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  situated 
  at 
  the 
  Lake. 
  Again 
  it 
  was 
  noticed 
  that 
  before 
  

   village 
  clearing 
  was 
  performed, 
  fly 
  which 
  followed 
  one 
  during 
  journeys 
  from 
  Domira 
  

   Bay 
  — 
  they 
  being 
  first 
  met 
  shortly 
  after 
  crossing 
  the 
  " 
  dambo 
  " 
  opposite 
  area 
  No. 
  3 
  — 
  

   kept 
  one 
  company 
  till 
  Matumba's 
  village, 
  and 
  through 
  Matumba's 
  group 
  of 
  villages 
  

   well 
  along 
  the 
  Chunzi 
  Koad 
  ; 
  in 
  fact, 
  some 
  invariably 
  came 
  into 
  the 
  Medical 
  Officer's 
  

   house 
  at 
  Chunzi 
  with 
  the 
  " 
  safari." 
  When 
  subsequently 
  clearing 
  was 
  performed 
  at 
  

   Matumba's, 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  that 
  this 
  area 
  acted 
  as 
  a 
  check 
  to 
  the 
  progress 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  ; 
  

   they 
  dispersed 
  shortly 
  after 
  passing 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  clearings, 
  and 
  the 
  few 
  that 
  followed 
  

   would 
  be 
  lost 
  while 
  going 
  through 
  the 
  villages. 
  Other 
  instances 
  could 
  be 
  quoted 
  

   shewing 
  these 
  effects 
  in 
  varying 
  degree, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  nearness 
  of 
  villages 
  to 
  the 
  

   main 
  " 
  fly 
  centres 
  " 
  and 
  the 
  physical 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  country. 
  For 
  example, 
  some 
  

   villages 
  are 
  protected 
  from 
  fly 
  by 
  their 
  slightly 
  elevated 
  rocky 
  sites 
  ; 
  others 
  by 
  being 
  

   situated 
  near 
  stream-beds 
  which 
  are 
  dry 
  during 
  the 
  summer 
  and 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  subsoil 
  

   water 
  is 
  at 
  a 
  depth 
  of 
  8 
  to 
  12ft. 
  ; 
  and 
  others 
  by 
  small 
  abruptly 
  rising 
  hills 
  which 
  I 
  

  

  