﻿SUBMERSION, 
  ETC. 
  ON 
  LARVAE 
  OF 
  CTMEX 
  LECTULARIUS. 
  117 
  

  

  Burial 
  in 
  Sand. 
  Burial 
  in 
  dry 
  or 
  wet 
  sand, 
  with 
  exposure 
  to 
  temperatures 
  between 
  

   45° 
  and 
  50° 
  F. 
  may 
  be 
  survived 
  from 
  4 
  days 
  to 
  a 
  week 
  if 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  then 
  uncovered 
  

   and 
  kept 
  at 
  a 
  favourable 
  temperature. 
  

  

  Submersion 
  in 
  Water. 
  Submergence 
  in 
  water 
  at 
  between 
  60° 
  and 
  63° 
  F. 
  for 
  a 
  period 
  

   of 
  5 
  days 
  has 
  no 
  effect 
  on 
  hatching 
  if 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  subsequently 
  kept 
  under 
  favourable 
  

   conditions. 
  They 
  also 
  survive 
  for 
  at 
  least 
  3 
  days 
  in 
  water 
  at 
  between 
  45° 
  and 
  50°, 
  

   and 
  for 
  48 
  hours 
  when 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  submerged 
  is 
  frozen. 
  

  

  Lime-water. 
  Submergence 
  in 
  lime-water 
  (saturated 
  solution) 
  for 
  46 
  hours 
  is 
  fatal. 
  

   The 
  eggs 
  survive 
  partial 
  embedding 
  in 
  a 
  wet 
  plaster 
  surface 
  provided 
  that 
  emergence 
  

   is 
  not 
  interfered 
  with. 
  

  

  Larvae. 
  

  

  Newly 
  hatched 
  bugs, 
  when 
  unfed, 
  can 
  survive 
  a 
  temperature 
  of 
  from 
  28° 
  to 
  32° 
  F. 
  

   for 
  periods 
  up 
  to 
  18 
  days. 
  They 
  are 
  also 
  able 
  to 
  withstand 
  chilling, 
  thawing, 
  

   rechilling 
  and 
  again 
  thawing 
  over 
  shorter 
  periods. 
  When 
  subjected 
  to 
  cold, 
  moist 
  air 
  

   after 
  a 
  full 
  meal 
  they 
  are 
  liable 
  to 
  a 
  heavy 
  or 
  even 
  total 
  mortality 
  — 
  probably 
  in 
  

   consequence 
  of 
  humidity 
  rather 
  than 
  cold. 
  

  

  Under 
  moderate 
  conditions 
  of 
  temperature 
  — 
  60° 
  to 
  65° 
  F. 
  — 
  they 
  may 
  live 
  for 
  136 
  

   days 
  unfed, 
  and 
  after 
  a 
  meal, 
  for 
  9 
  months. 
  Unfed, 
  at 
  a 
  temperature 
  of 
  75° 
  F., 
  with 
  

   humidity 
  between 
  '65 
  and 
  *70, 
  an 
  average 
  life 
  of 
  10 
  days, 
  and 
  an 
  individual 
  survival 
  

   of 
  up 
  to 
  21 
  days 
  is 
  possible. 
  At 
  88° 
  F., 
  with 
  humidity 
  between 
  *70 
  to 
  *80, 
  the 
  average 
  

   life 
  is 
  shortened 
  to 
  7 
  days 
  — 
  the 
  longest 
  survival 
  being 
  11 
  days. 
  At 
  96° 
  F. 
  with 
  

   humidity 
  at 
  '25 
  the 
  average 
  life 
  is 
  reduced 
  to 
  5 
  days 
  ; 
  individuals 
  have 
  survived 
  for 
  8 
  

   days. 
  Exposure 
  to 
  113° 
  F. 
  is 
  fatal 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  minutes.* 
  

  

  ♦This 
  temperature 
  also 
  destroys 
  adult 
  fleas 
  (Xenopsylla 
  cheopis) 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  minutes; 
  

   while 
  two 
  larvae 
  of 
  Periplaneta 
  americana 
  and 
  a 
  hibernated 
  specimen 
  of 
  Calliphora 
  

   erythrocephala 
  survived 
  the 
  fleas 
  at 
  113° 
  F., 
  but 
  died 
  within 
  15 
  or 
  20 
  minutes 
  when 
  

   the 
  temperature 
  had 
  risen 
  to 
  117° 
  F. 
  

  

  