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  AN 
  ACCOUNT 
  OF 
  SOME 
  ANOPHELINE 
  MOSQUITOS 
  FOUND 
  IN 
  BRITISH 
  

   NORTH 
  BORNEO, 
  WITH 
  DESCRIPTION 
  OF 
  A 
  NEW 
  SPECIES. 
  

  

  By 
  Richard 
  Roper, 
  F.R.C.S. 
  (Bdin.). 
  

  

  (Maps 
  III 
  and 
  IV). 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  three 
  years' 
  estate 
  medical 
  work 
  in 
  British 
  North 
  Borneo, 
  

   ample 
  opportunity 
  was 
  found 
  for 
  studying 
  the 
  local 
  mosquitos, 
  and 
  I 
  publish 
  the 
  

   few 
  following 
  notes 
  in 
  the 
  hope 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  use 
  to 
  other 
  workers 
  in 
  Borneo. 
  

  

  The 
  area 
  of 
  country 
  covered 
  was 
  about 
  45 
  miles 
  along 
  the 
  west 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  Char- 
  

   tered 
  Company's 
  territory 
  between 
  Jesselton 
  and 
  Membakut, 
  roughly 
  between 
  

   degrees 
  115° 
  and 
  116° 
  E. 
  Long., 
  and 
  5° 
  and 
  6° 
  N. 
  Lat. 
  The 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  coast, 
  

   here 
  known 
  as 
  Kimanis 
  Bay, 
  varied 
  between 
  six 
  and 
  nine 
  miles. 
  

  

  The 
  climate 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  Borneo 
  is 
  fairly 
  even, 
  and 
  records 
  of 
  temperature 
  taken 
  

   inside 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  hospitals 
  during 
  the 
  two 
  years 
  1912-1913 
  showed 
  it 
  to 
  vary 
  between 
  

   74° 
  F. 
  and 
  84° 
  F. 
  The 
  average 
  yearly 
  rainfall 
  worked 
  out 
  at 
  94 
  inches 
  for 
  the 
  past 
  

   seven 
  years. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  very 
  prolonged 
  season 
  of 
  wet 
  weather, 
  but 
  the 
  rainfall 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  distributed 
  evenly 
  throughout 
  the 
  year. 
  A 
  good 
  deal 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  coast 
  is 
  swampy 
  with 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  areas 
  of 
  high 
  land, 
  rising 
  in 
  places 
  to 
  hills 
  

   50 
  to 
  200 
  feet 
  high. 
  Many 
  of 
  these 
  hills 
  have 
  small 
  streams 
  coursing 
  down 
  them. 
  

   The 
  jungle 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  is 
  light 
  and 
  in 
  places 
  has 
  been 
  felled 
  for 
  cultivation 
  of 
  

   hill 
  rice. 
  Much 
  of 
  this 
  jungle 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  felled 
  by 
  rubber 
  companies 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  

   five 
  years. 
  The 
  flat 
  land 
  along 
  the 
  45 
  miles 
  mentioned 
  is 
  used 
  by 
  natives 
  in 
  places 
  

   for 
  cultivation 
  of 
  rice 
  and, 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  promiscuous 
  way, 
  sago. 
  

  

  The 
  whole 
  population 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  Borneo 
  is 
  small 
  and 
  they 
  have 
  suffered 
  much 
  

   from 
  epidemics 
  of 
  smallpox 
  and 
  cholera. 
  Of 
  the 
  native 
  races 
  those 
  known 
  as 
  

   Dusuns 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  populous, 
  especially 
  near 
  Papar. 
  In 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  

   any 
  railway 
  station 
  or 
  settlement 
  of 
  Europeans 
  the 
  local 
  population 
  is 
  generally 
  

   Chinese. 
  The 
  labour 
  on 
  the 
  estates 
  consists 
  mostly 
  of 
  indentured 
  Chinese 
  and 
  

   Javanese, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  natives 
  as 
  free 
  labour. 
  

  

  Four 
  rivers 
  enter 
  the 
  sea 
  along 
  this 
  piece 
  of 
  coast, 
  namely, 
  the 
  Papar, 
  Kimanis, 
  

   Bangawan 
  and 
  Membakut, 
  none 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  of 
  any 
  size, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  only 
  navigable 
  

   for 
  quite 
  small 
  craft. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  isolated 
  mosquitos 
  have 
  been 
  taken 
  from 
  estates 
  along 
  the 
  coast, 
  but 
  by 
  

   far 
  the 
  majority 
  have 
  been 
  captured 
  or 
  bred 
  from 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  

   Membakut. 
  

  

  The 
  Membakut 
  village 
  is 
  situated 
  (see 
  Map 
  III) 
  practically 
  at 
  the 
  spot 
  where 
  

   the 
  railway 
  crosses 
  the 
  Membakut 
  river. 
  It 
  stands 
  nearly 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  

   area 
  of 
  swamp 
  land 
  extending 
  about 
  six 
  miles 
  north, 
  twelve 
  miles 
  south 
  and 
  six 
  

   miles 
  west 
  towards 
  the 
  coast. 
  Along 
  this 
  coast 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  types 
  of 
  swamp 
  land, 
  

   one 
  with 
  large 
  and 
  deep 
  pools, 
  the 
  other 
  with 
  small 
  shallow 
  pools. 
  The 
  latter 
  is 
  

   the 
  variety 
  met 
  with 
  near 
  Membakut 
  and 
  especially 
  so 
  near 
  the 
  railway 
  along 
  the 
  

   western 
  side. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  hundred 
  yards 
  south 
  of 
  Membakut 
  village, 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  railway 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  side 
  of 
  it, 
  are 
  the 
  buildings 
  of 
  Rubber 
  Estate 
  (A), 
  in 
  which 
  many 
  adult 
  Anophe- 
  

  

  