﻿ANOPHELINE 
  MOSQUITOS 
  IN 
  BRITISH 
  NORTH 
  BORNEO. 
  143 
  

  

  sago 
  swamp 
  at 
  Bangawan, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  jungle 
  on 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  estate 
  (D). 
  At 
  

   different 
  times 
  adults 
  were 
  taken 
  in 
  the 
  houses 
  on 
  estate 
  (A) 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  swamp, 
  

   and 
  in 
  one 
  house 
  on 
  estate 
  (D), 
  though 
  the 
  numbers 
  were 
  never 
  great. 
  No 
  definite 
  

   outbreak 
  of 
  malaria 
  could 
  be 
  ascribed 
  to 
  he 
  presence 
  of 
  this 
  mosquito, 
  but 
  Anopheles 
  

   barbirostris 
  and 
  Culex 
  mimeticus 
  were 
  often 
  found 
  breeding 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  pools. 
  

   Larvae 
  were 
  found 
  all 
  the 
  year 
  round, 
  being 
  most 
  abundant 
  between 
  May 
  and 
  

   October. 
  When 
  found 
  alone, 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  Anopheles 
  kochi 
  seem 
  to 
  prefer 
  small 
  

   collections 
  of 
  water 
  without 
  vegetation, 
  most 
  commonly 
  those 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  hoof- 
  

   marks 
  of 
  cattle. 
  Eight 
  specimens 
  were 
  dissected, 
  but 
  no 
  malarial 
  parasites 
  were 
  

   found. 
  In 
  those 
  bred 
  from 
  larvae, 
  and 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  captured 
  adults, 
  females 
  always 
  

   predominated. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  maculatus, 
  Theo. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  maculata, 
  Theobald, 
  Monogr. 
  Culicid. 
  i, 
  p. 
  171, 
  1901. 
  

  

  Nyssorhynchus 
  maculatus, 
  Theobald, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  iii, 
  p. 
  96, 
  1903. 
  

  

  Nyssorhynchus 
  willmori, 
  James, 
  in 
  Theobald, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  iii. 
  p. 
  100, 
  1903. 
  

  

  Neocellia 
  dudgeoni, 
  Theobald, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  iv, 
  p. 
  113, 
  1907. 
  

  

  Only 
  three 
  specimens 
  of 
  this 
  mosquito 
  were 
  bred 
  from 
  larvae, 
  all 
  being 
  males. 
  

   The 
  larvae 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  pool 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  Anopheles 
  

   leucosphyrus 
  (Oct. 
  1913), 
  near 
  the 
  small 
  hill 
  stream 
  on 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  estate 
  (A). 
  

   The 
  water 
  was 
  clear, 
  and 
  although 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  stream, 
  had 
  no 
  direct 
  communication 
  

   with 
  it. 
  

  

  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  Stanton 
  and 
  Watson 
  in 
  the 
  Federated 
  Malay 
  States, 
  which 
  

   shows 
  that 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  a 
  carrier 
  of 
  malaria, 
  the 
  rinding 
  of 
  it 
  in 
  Borneo 
  is 
  of 
  some 
  

   importance 
  to 
  the 
  rubber 
  estates 
  there, 
  as 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  hill 
  streams 
  favour- 
  

   able 
  to 
  the 
  breeding 
  of 
  this 
  mosquito. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  leucosphyrus, 
  Don. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  leucosphyrus, 
  Donitz, 
  Insectenborse, 
  Jan. 
  1901, 
  and 
  Zeits. 
  Hyg. 
  Infekt. 
  

   Krank., 
  p. 
  56, 
  1902. 
  

  

  Myzomia 
  elegans, 
  James, 
  in 
  Theobald, 
  Mon. 
  Culic, 
  iii, 
  p. 
  51, 
  1903. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  " 
  leucophyrus," 
  James, 
  Monog. 
  Anoph. 
  India, 
  p. 
  82, 
  1904. 
  

  

  Pyretophorus 
  elegans, 
  Theobald, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  iv, 
  p. 
  77, 
  1907. 
  

  

  Myzomia 
  " 
  leucophyrus," 
  Leicester, 
  Stud. 
  Inst. 
  Med. 
  Kesearch, 
  F.M.S., 
  iii, 
  p. 
  28, 
  

   1908. 
  

  

  Neomyzomia 
  elegans, 
  James, 
  in 
  Theobald, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  v, 
  p. 
  30, 
  1910. 
  

  

  The 
  Borneo 
  specimens 
  are 
  identical 
  with 
  Donitz' 
  original 
  description. 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  was 
  first 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  outside 
  of 
  a 
  coolie 
  line 
  on 
  estate 
  (A), 
  situated 
  

   about 
  150 
  yards 
  from 
  the 
  swamp, 
  in 
  July 
  1913. 
  I 
  was 
  led 
  to 
  examine 
  this 
  line 
  carefully 
  

   on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  many 
  cases 
  of 
  malaria 
  there, 
  and 
  two 
  days 
  later 
  

   specimens 
  of 
  this 
  mosquito 
  were 
  taken. 
  From 
  July 
  until 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  November 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  were 
  constantly 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  nets 
  of 
  the 
  coolies 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  morning. 
  These 
  

   were 
  all 
  gorged 
  with 
  blood 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  difficult 
  to 
  find 
  a 
  specimen 
  which 
  had 
  not 
  

   recently 
  fed 
  on 
  a 
  coolie. 
  During 
  these 
  months 
  cases 
  of 
  malaria 
  were 
  constantly 
  

   coming 
  from 
  this 
  line, 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  six 
  and 
  eight 
  in 
  a 
  day. 
  On 
  one 
  occasion 
  one 
  speci- 
  

   men 
  of 
  Anopheles 
  umbrosus 
  was 
  taken. 
  Many 
  of 
  these 
  cases 
  I 
  looked 
  upon 
  as 
  relapses, 
  

  

  