﻿144 
  RICHARD 
  ROPER 
  — 
  ACCOUNT 
  OF 
  

  

  but 
  many 
  also 
  were 
  men 
  who 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  in 
  hospital 
  for 
  malaria 
  for 
  over 
  a 
  year, 
  

   and 
  I 
  felt 
  justified 
  for 
  this 
  reason 
  in 
  looking 
  upon 
  them 
  as 
  fresh 
  infections. 
  During 
  

   the 
  months 
  of 
  July, 
  August 
  and 
  September, 
  1913, 
  there 
  were 
  in 
  all 
  62 
  cases, 
  33 
  of 
  

   which 
  were 
  relapses 
  and 
  29 
  fresh 
  infections. 
  In 
  all 
  the 
  cases 
  a 
  search 
  was 
  made 
  for 
  

   the 
  parasite, 
  which 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  majority, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  prophylactic 
  quinine 
  having 
  

   been 
  given 
  daily. 
  The 
  actual 
  figures 
  for 
  the 
  fresh 
  infections 
  were 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

   Benign 
  tertian 
  parasites 
  alone 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  13 
  

  

  Subtertian 
  alone 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  3 
  

  

  Benign 
  tertian 
  with 
  subtertian 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  2 
  

  

  No 
  parasites 
  found 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  11 
  

  

  The 
  relapses 
  were 
  most 
  persistent, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  daily 
  quinine, 
  after 
  efficient 
  treatment 
  

   in 
  hospital 
  for 
  a 
  varying 
  period 
  of 
  ten 
  to 
  fourteen 
  days. 
  

  

  About 
  50 
  specimens 
  were 
  taken 
  in 
  all 
  ; 
  females 
  predominating. 
  In 
  October 
  1913 
  

   many 
  cases 
  of 
  malaria 
  occurred 
  among 
  the 
  coolies 
  on 
  estate 
  (A) 
  who 
  were 
  working 
  

   at 
  a 
  dam 
  in 
  the 
  jungle 
  on 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  the 
  estate. 
  Among 
  these 
  cases 
  again 
  there 
  

   were 
  many 
  relapses, 
  but 
  fresh 
  cases 
  also 
  occurred. 
  It 
  must 
  be 
  mentioned 
  that 
  

   coolies 
  who 
  had 
  recently 
  been 
  in 
  hospital 
  with 
  malaria 
  were 
  working 
  with 
  coolies 
  

   who 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  in 
  hospital 
  for 
  malaria 
  for 
  over 
  a 
  year. 
  A 
  search 
  was 
  made 
  in 
  

   the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  dam 
  for 
  the 
  breeding 
  places 
  of 
  Anophelines 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  pool 
  

   made 
  in 
  excavating 
  clay 
  about 
  150 
  larvae 
  were 
  found, 
  which, 
  after 
  breeding 
  out, 
  

   proved 
  to 
  be 
  Anopheles 
  leucosphyrus 
  and 
  three 
  specimens 
  of 
  Anopheles 
  maculatus. 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  along 
  the 
  borders 
  of 
  this 
  stream 
  that 
  the 
  one 
  specimen 
  of 
  Anopheles 
  umbro- 
  

   sus 
  was 
  taken, 
  as 
  mentioned 
  later 
  under 
  that 
  species. 
  At 
  this 
  time 
  no 
  umbrosus 
  

   was 
  found 
  .and 
  although 
  a 
  prolonged 
  search 
  was 
  made 
  for 
  larvae 
  none 
  were 
  

   discovered 
  in 
  the 
  stream. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  leucosphyrus 
  seems 
  to 
  breed 
  either 
  in 
  clean 
  or 
  dirty 
  water, 
  and 
  larvae 
  

   were 
  found 
  in 
  swamp 
  water 
  with 
  much 
  scum 
  on 
  the 
  surface, 
  near 
  the 
  line 
  previously 
  

   mentioned, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  clean 
  pools 
  and 
  in 
  old 
  cement 
  barrels. 
  

  

  Seventeen 
  specimens 
  were 
  dissected, 
  but 
  in 
  only 
  one 
  instance 
  was 
  it 
  possible 
  to 
  

   dissect 
  the 
  stomach, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  cases 
  this 
  organ 
  was 
  full 
  of 
  blood.* 
  The 
  salivary 
  

   glands 
  were 
  dissected 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  mosquitos 
  in 
  the 
  hope 
  that 
  sporozoites, 
  the 
  result 
  

   of 
  a 
  previous 
  meal 
  of 
  infected 
  blood, 
  might 
  be 
  found, 
  but 
  none 
  were 
  discovered. 
  

   Although 
  from 
  the 
  facts 
  recorded 
  no 
  definite 
  conclusion 
  can 
  be 
  drawn 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  malaria- 
  

   carrying 
  powers 
  of 
  this 
  species, 
  I 
  think 
  the 
  evidence 
  is 
  suggestive. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  punctulatus, 
  Don. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  punctulatus, 
  Donitz, 
  Insectenborse, 
  Jan. 
  1901, 
  and 
  Zeits. 
  Hyg. 
  Infeckt. 
  

  

  Krank., 
  p. 
  57, 
  1902. 
  

  

  Anopheles 
  punctulatus, 
  Theobald, 
  Mon. 
  Cul. 
  i,,p. 
  175, 
  1901. 
  

  

  Myzomia 
  tessellatum, 
  Theobald, 
  op. 
  cit., 
  i, 
  p. 
  175, 
  1901, 
  and 
  iii, 
  p. 
  55, 
  1903. 
  

  

  Nyssomyzomyia 
  punctulata, 
  James 
  and 
  Liston, 
  Anopheline 
  Mosquitos 
  of 
  India, 
  

  

  2nd 
  ed., 
  p. 
  104, 
  1911. 
  

  

  The 
  Borneo 
  specimens 
  correspond 
  with 
  those 
  labelled 
  A. 
  tessellatus 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  

  

  Museum 
  in 
  having 
  four 
  white 
  bands 
  (including 
  the 
  tip) 
  on 
  the 
  palps, 
  and 
  not 
  five 
  as 
  

  

  * 
  Many 
  attempts 
  were 
  made 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  insects 
  alive 
  nntil 
  the 
  blood 
  was 
  digested, 
  

   but 
  they 
  all 
  died. 
  

  

  