﻿179 
  

  

  NOTES 
  ON 
  PHLEBOTOMUS, 
  WITH 
  DESCRIPTIONS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  SPECIES. 
  

  

  Part 
  II. 
  

  

  By 
  Professor 
  R. 
  Newstead, 
  F.R.S., 
  

  

  The 
  Liverpool 
  School 
  of 
  Tropical 
  Medicine. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  paper 
  four 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  Phlebotomus 
  are 
  described, 
  three 
  from 
  Africa 
  and 
  

   one 
  from 
  the 
  Malay 
  States, 
  and 
  the 
  differential 
  characters 
  and 
  affinities 
  of 
  seven 
  other 
  

   known 
  species 
  are 
  described 
  and 
  illustrated. 
  Three 
  specimens, 
  including 
  one 
  of 
  P. 
  

   minutus, 
  Rond., 
  and 
  two 
  of 
  P. 
  papatasii 
  (Scop.), 
  have 
  been 
  observed 
  to 
  possess 
  super- 
  

   numerary 
  spines 
  on 
  the 
  superior 
  claspers 
  : 
  a 
  remarkable 
  and 
  apparently 
  hitherto 
  

   unrecorded 
  phenomenon 
  in 
  this 
  genus. 
  In 
  several 
  instances 
  fresh 
  data 
  are 
  given 
  as 
  

   to 
  the 
  geographical 
  distribution 
  of 
  these 
  insects, 
  and 
  an 
  endeavour 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  

   to 
  clear 
  up 
  some 
  confusion 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  certain 
  closely 
  allied 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  major 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  material 
  has 
  been 
  supplied 
  by 
  the 
  Imperial 
  Bureau 
  of 
  

   Entomology, 
  through 
  the 
  Director, 
  Mr. 
  Guy 
  A. 
  K. 
  Marshall, 
  to 
  whom 
  I 
  express 
  my 
  

   grateful 
  thanks. 
  I 
  beg 
  also 
  to 
  acknowledge 
  my 
  indebtedness 
  to 
  Drs. 
  E. 
  Sergent 
  

   and 
  E. 
  Roubaud, 
  of 
  the 
  Pasteur 
  Institute, 
  Paris 
  ; 
  to 
  Captain 
  Marett 
  and 
  Drs. 
  M. 
  H. 
  

   Babington, 
  A. 
  Ingram, 
  A. 
  T. 
  Stanton 
  and 
  F. 
  D. 
  Walker, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Gr. 
  Bedford 
  for 
  

   the 
  interesting 
  material 
  which 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  pleased 
  to 
  submit 
  to 
  me 
  from 
  time 
  

   to 
  time. 
  

  

  As 
  our 
  studies 
  of 
  these 
  minute 
  and 
  obscure 
  insects 
  has 
  advanced, 
  the 
  more 
  difficult 
  

   and 
  serious 
  have 
  the 
  problems 
  concerning 
  the 
  exact 
  elucidation 
  of 
  the 
  specific 
  taxo- 
  

   nomic 
  characters 
  become. 
  This 
  is 
  due 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  measure 
  to 
  the 
  apparently 
  great 
  

   range 
  of 
  variation 
  which 
  exists 
  in 
  the 
  antennal 
  and 
  palpal 
  formulae, 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  

   wing 
  venation 
  ; 
  more 
  especially 
  so 
  is 
  this 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  that 
  group 
  of 
  which 
  P. 
  minutus 
  

   may 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  a 
  type. 
  Pairs 
  taken 
  in 
  coitu 
  are 
  much 
  needed 
  for 
  microscopical 
  

   study, 
  as 
  at 
  present 
  the 
  females, 
  at 
  least, 
  are 
  distinguishable 
  only 
  with 
  great 
  difficulty 
  

   and 
  minute 
  examination. 
  

  

  To 
  the 
  student 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  of 
  insects 
  I 
  would 
  venture 
  to 
  call 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  

   inexpediency 
  of 
  relying 
  solely 
  on 
  one 
  set 
  of 
  characters, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  antennae, 
  the 
  palpi 
  

   or 
  the 
  wings 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  instances 
  the 
  male 
  genital 
  armature 
  also. 
  All 
  the 
  factors 
  

   must 
  be 
  taken 
  into 
  consideration 
  by 
  the 
  systematist. 
  I 
  would 
  appeal 
  also 
  to 
  those 
  

   who 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  taxonomy 
  of 
  these 
  small 
  midges 
  to 
  supplement 
  their 
  papers 
  with 
  

   carefully 
  prepared 
  drawings, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  these 
  it 
  is 
  often 
  impossible 
  to 
  deter- 
  

   mine 
  a 
  species 
  with 
  accuracy. 
  

   (C53) 
  f 
  2 
  

  

  