﻿OF 
  THE 
  SOUTHERN 
  PROVINCES, 
  NIGERIA. 
  213 
  

  

  and 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  Pyralid 
  leaf 
  -roller, 
  Glyphodes 
  ocellata, 
  Hmp., 
  which 
  is 
  found 
  

   especially 
  on 
  young 
  plants. 
  

  

  A 
  borer, 
  probably 
  a 
  beetle 
  larva, 
  is 
  found 
  occasionally 
  at 
  work 
  towards 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  trees, 
  tunnelling 
  under 
  the 
  bark 
  and 
  causing 
  an 
  exudation 
  of 
  latex. 
  

  

  Funtumia 
  pods, 
  when 
  open, 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  contain 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  insect 
  pests. 
  The 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  the 
  Pyralid 
  moth, 
  Entephria 
  sexpunctalis, 
  Hmp., 
  were 
  found 
  tunneling 
  whole 
  

   rows 
  of 
  the 
  seeds 
  close 
  to 
  their 
  attachment 
  to 
  the 
  placenta, 
  and 
  the 
  little 
  beetles 
  

   Berginus 
  tamaricis, 
  Woll., 
  occurred 
  in 
  some 
  numbers 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  seeds. 
  Some 
  

   of 
  the 
  pods 
  were 
  filled 
  with 
  almost 
  incredible 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  Lygaeid 
  bug, 
  Arocatus 
  

   continctus, 
  Dist.,* 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  seeds, 
  the 
  imagos 
  being 
  

   found 
  in 
  immense 
  swarms 
  under 
  the 
  leaves. 
  

  

  Insects 
  Attacking 
  Ground-nuts. 
  

  

  These 
  were 
  fairly 
  free 
  from 
  insect 
  pests, 
  the 
  only 
  leaf-eater 
  found 
  being 
  the 
  larva 
  

   of 
  the 
  Psychid 
  moth, 
  Metisa 
  sierricola, 
  White, 
  mentioned 
  under 
  cacao 
  (Plate 
  xxiii). 
  

   The 
  scale-insect, 
  Ceronema 
  africana, 
  Macfie, 
  was 
  found 
  abundantly 
  on 
  a 
  few 
  plants 
  

   (Plate 
  xxiii). 
  

  

  Insects 
  Attacking 
  Beans. 
  

  

  Young 
  plants 
  in 
  July 
  were 
  much 
  attacked 
  by 
  various 
  species 
  of 
  beetles. 
  Of 
  these 
  

   the 
  Lagriids, 
  Lagria 
  villosa, 
  F., 
  and 
  L. 
  viridipennis, 
  F., 
  were 
  responsible 
  for 
  large 
  

   irregular 
  holes 
  in 
  the 
  leaves, 
  while 
  the 
  Galerucid, 
  Ootheca 
  mutabilis, 
  Sahib., 
  seemed 
  

   to 
  limit 
  its 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  young 
  shoots, 
  eating 
  half 
  through 
  the 
  stem 
  so 
  that 
  wither- 
  

   ing 
  took 
  place. 
  

  

  As 
  this 
  crop 
  is 
  grown 
  in 
  Nigeria 
  only 
  as 
  green 
  manure, 
  and 
  as 
  Leguminous 
  plants 
  

   stand 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  insecticides 
  badly, 
  it 
  was 
  thought 
  undesirable 
  to 
  use 
  the 
  spray 
  

   on 
  them, 
  and 
  so 
  boys 
  were 
  instructed 
  in 
  the 
  art 
  of 
  collecting 
  the 
  pests 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  

   light 
  sweep 
  nebs, 
  a 
  method 
  which 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  work 
  satisfactorily. 
  As 
  showing 
  

   the 
  abundance 
  of 
  the 
  pests 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  mentioned 
  that 
  797 
  were 
  obtained 
  in 
  two 
  days 
  

   by 
  two 
  small 
  boys 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  

  

  In 
  early 
  December, 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  dry 
  season, 
  the 
  two 
  Lagriid 
  beetles 
  were 
  found 
  

   in 
  great 
  numbers, 
  aestivating 
  in 
  the 
  axils 
  of 
  a 
  Bromeliaceous 
  plant. 
  In 
  the 
  store 
  

   the 
  bean 
  seeds 
  were 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  attacked 
  by 
  an 
  undetermined 
  beetle 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  

   Bruchus. 
  

  

  Pests 
  of 
  Pigeon 
  Pea. 
  

  

  Though 
  this 
  plant 
  is 
  of 
  small 
  economic 
  importance 
  in 
  Nigeria, 
  being 
  grown 
  only 
  

   for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  shading 
  young 
  cacao, 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  considerable 
  importance 
  as 
  a 
  food- 
  

   plant 
  in 
  the 
  East, 
  and 
  thus 
  some 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  pests 
  attacking 
  it 
  in 
  Nigeria 
  has 
  seemed 
  

   desirable. 
  Moreover, 
  as 
  will 
  be 
  seen, 
  several 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  found 
  on 
  it 
  are 
  also 
  injurious 
  

   to 
  cacao. 
  

  

  The 
  scale-insect, 
  CerOnema 
  africana, 
  found 
  also 
  on 
  ground-nut 
  plants, 
  was 
  abundant 
  

   (Plate 
  xxiv, 
  fig. 
  2). 
  The 
  Pseudococcus 
  found 
  on 
  cacao 
  (Plate 
  xxi, 
  fig. 
  2) 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  

   found 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  and 
  another 
  cacao 
  scale, 
  Stictococcus 
  dimorphus, 
  Newst. 
  (Plate 
  

   xxii), 
  was 
  very 
  numerous. 
  A 
  species 
  of 
  Icerya 
  (Plate 
  xxiv, 
  fig. 
  1) 
  was 
  also 
  found 
  from 
  

   time 
  to 
  time. 
  Leaf-eaters 
  of 
  many 
  kinds 
  were 
  found 
  and 
  the 
  seed 
  also 
  was 
  attacked 
  

  

  * 
  For 
  a 
  figure 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  see 
  p. 
  242. 
  

   (C86) 
  ^ 
  b 
  

  

  