22 PERRY, Terraced Cultivation and Irrigation. 



extensive irrigated terraced gardens are to be seen not 

 far from San Jose. " It would seem from their distribution 

 that not only irrigation ditches watered the valley of 

 Pueblo Viejo, but also that water was in some wax- 

 carried up the hillsides,, so that land now barren was in 

 ancient times cultivated by the people of this region." 

 The use of terraced gardens still survives among the 

 Hopi Indians. 7 " 



A certain form of agriculture about which I know 

 nothing further than is recorded in the following extract was 

 once practised in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi. 

 It seems to bear some relationship to that described in 

 the west and south-west of these regions. "It is pretty 

 well established that since the time of the Mound Builders 

 and prior to the advent of the Indians, a race known as 

 the " villagers " occupied certain districts in this country 

 and made the "garden beds" found in northern Indiana, 

 lower Missouri, and in the valleys of the Grand River and 

 St. Joseph's, Michigan. These beds exist in the richest 

 soil in that part of the country. Some of the lines of the 

 plots are rectangular and parallel, others are semi-circular 

 and variously curved, forming avenues, differently grouped 

 and disposed. The ridges are low, averaging four feet 

 in width, and the depth of the walk between them is about 

 six inches. They cover from ten to one hundred acres, 

 and sometimes embrace even three hundred acres. The 

 beds are laid out with great order and symmetry, and 

 have certain peculiar features that belong to no recognised 

 system of horticulture. These beds are entirely different 

 from the system of field culture as practised by the 

 Indians, and no similar remains are connected with the 

 enclosures of Ohio." 74 



'••' J. W. Fewkes, "Two Summer's work in Pueblo ruins/' Smiths. 

 Rep., XXII., 1900-1, pp. 176-8. 



7 * J. P. Maclean, "The Mound Builders," Cincinnati, 1885, p. 131. 



