﻿100 
  ME. 
  F. 
  B. 
  COWPEE 
  EEED 
  ON 
  THE 
  [Feb. 
  1897, 
  

  

  Sphcerocoryphe 
  granulata, 
  lllcenus 
  Roemeri, 
  and 
  Plectambonites 
  

   ScJimidti 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Trimwleus-Schists 
  of 
  Sweden 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  

   Lej)tama-Ij\mestone, 
  but 
  are 
  known 
  only 
  from, 
  the 
  Keisley 
  Lime- 
  

   stone 
  in 
  Britain, 
  lllcenus 
  fallax, 
  found 
  only 
  at 
  Keisley 
  and 
  Kildare 
  

   in 
  the 
  United 
  Kingdom, 
  occurs 
  as 
  low 
  down 
  as 
  the 
  Chasmops- 
  

   Limestone 
  in 
  Sweden. 
  

  

  These 
  facts 
  appear 
  to 
  indicate 
  that 
  the 
  species 
  developed 
  at 
  an 
  

   earlier 
  period 
  iu 
  Eastern 
  Europe, 
  and 
  thence 
  migrated 
  in 
  a 
  westerly 
  

   direction. 
  Marr 
  l 
  has 
  pointed 
  to 
  similar 
  evidence 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  

   the 
  Cystidean 
  and 
  Or^ocmzs-Limestones 
  of 
  Sweden 
  and 
  Russia. 
  

  

  Mode 
  of 
  Occueeence 
  and 
  Chaeacteks 
  of 
  the 
  

   Keisley 
  Limestone. 
  

  

  The 
  Keisley 
  Limestone 
  occurs 
  as 
  an 
  isolated 
  mass 
  of 
  limestone 
  

   on 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  Cross 
  Fell 
  inlier. 
  

   The 
  earliest 
  mention 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  Buckland 
  2 
  in 
  1807. 
  

   Recently 
  its 
  relations 
  have 
  been 
  described 
  in 
  brief 
  by 
  Marr 
  

   & 
  Nicholson. 
  3 
  The 
  narrow 
  elongated 
  area 
  which 
  it 
  occupies 
  is 
  

   bounded 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  by 
  faults, 
  and 
  in 
  no 
  neighbouring 
  locality 
  is 
  a 
  

   limestone 
  with 
  similar 
  characters, 
  thickness, 
  and 
  fossils 
  known 
  to 
  

   exist. 
  Consequently, 
  its 
  exact 
  stratigraphical 
  relations 
  and 
  horizon 
  

   have 
  been 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  much 
  dispute. 
  The 
  lithological 
  characters 
  

   of 
  the 
  rock 
  are 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  simple 
  or 
  uniform. 
  The 
  mass 
  in 
  fact 
  

   appears 
  to 
  consist 
  of 
  several 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  well-marked 
  types, 
  or 
  

   perhaps 
  beds, 
  of 
  limestone 
  with 
  thin 
  subsidiary 
  shaly 
  layers. 
  

  

  Thus, 
  lithologically, 
  we 
  may 
  distinguish 
  the 
  following 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  distinct 
  varieties 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  : 
  (1) 
  a 
  pale 
  pink, 
  fine-grained, 
  

   compact, 
  homogeneous 
  limestone 
  with 
  comparatively 
  few 
  organic 
  

   remains 
  and 
  no 
  crinoid-stems 
  ; 
  (2) 
  a 
  dark 
  grey, 
  bituminous, 
  compact 
  

   or 
  crystalline 
  limestone, 
  likewise 
  poor 
  in 
  fossils 
  and 
  devoid 
  of 
  

   crinoids 
  ; 
  (3) 
  a 
  very 
  coarsely 
  crystalline, 
  white 
  or 
  reddish-stained 
  

   limestone 
  full 
  of 
  the 
  characteristic 
  fossils 
  and 
  many 
  crinoid-stems. 
  

   The 
  crystallization 
  of 
  the 
  matrix 
  in 
  this 
  case 
  has 
  extended 
  to 
  these 
  

   included 
  organic 
  fragments, 
  as 
  described 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Nicholson 
  4 
  ; 
  

  

  (4) 
  a 
  dark 
  greyish 
  compact 
  limestone, 
  not 
  coarsely 
  crystalline, 
  

   crowded 
  with 
  Orthoceras, 
  but 
  containing 
  few 
  other 
  genera 
  of 
  fossils 
  ; 
  

  

  (5) 
  a 
  pale 
  greyish 
  crystalline 
  limestone 
  with 
  many 
  fossils. 
  Other 
  

   transitional 
  varieties 
  occur. 
  Some 
  layers 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  are 
  full 
  

   of 
  Illceni, 
  and 
  a 
  dozen 
  or 
  more 
  head-shields 
  and 
  pygidia 
  may 
  be 
  

   seen 
  on 
  a 
  slab 
  a 
  foot 
  or 
  so 
  square. 
  

  

  These 
  varieties 
  of 
  texture 
  and 
  organic 
  contents 
  do 
  not 
  occur 
  with 
  

  

  1 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  xxxvi. 
  (1880) 
  p. 
  279; 
  vol. 
  xxxviii. 
  (1882) 
  

   p. 
  313. 
  

  

  2 
  Trans. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  ser. 
  1, 
  vol. 
  iv. 
  pt. 
  i. 
  (1816) 
  p. 
  105, 
  pi. 
  v., 
  section, 
  no. 
  3. 
  

   In 
  this 
  paper 
  the 
  limestone 
  ia 
  apparently 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  Carboniferous 
  

   age. 
  

  

  3 
  Quart. 
  Journ 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  xlvii. 
  (1891) 
  p. 
  507- 
  

  

  4 
  Nicholson 
  & 
  Lvdekker, 
  ' 
  Manual 
  of 
  Palseontology,' 
  3rd 
  ed. 
  (1889) 
  vol. 
  i. 
  

   p. 
  20, 
  figs. 
  5a, 
  5b. 
  

  

  