﻿^°1' 
  53*] 
  PROF. 
  E. 
  KAYSER 
  ON 
  VOLCANIC 
  BOMBS 
  IN 
  NASSAU. 
  Ill 
  

  

  Together 
  with 
  the 
  contorted 
  diabasic 
  lavas, 
  also 
  found 
  in 
  recent 
  

   years 
  in 
  the 
  Dillenburg 
  area, 
  and 
  doubtless 
  representing 
  the 
  super- 
  

   ficial 
  part 
  of 
  old 
  lava-streams, 
  these 
  bombs 
  undoubtedly 
  prove 
  that 
  

   volcanic 
  action 
  in 
  that 
  far-off 
  Palaeozoic 
  time 
  was 
  similar 
  in 
  all 
  

   essential 
  points 
  to 
  volcanic 
  action 
  in 
  our 
  own 
  days. 
  The 
  bombs 
  

   further 
  demonstrate 
  the 
  explosive 
  character 
  of 
  this 
  volcanic 
  action. 
  

   Near 
  Oberscheld 
  and 
  Bicken 
  volcanoes 
  must 
  have 
  arisen 
  in 
  Devonian 
  

   times, 
  from 
  whose 
  craters 
  vast 
  quantities 
  of 
  earthy 
  or 
  ashy 
  materials, 
  

   and 
  innumerable 
  fragments 
  of 
  the 
  rocks, 
  existing 
  deep 
  down 
  below 
  

   the 
  surface 
  and 
  forced 
  up 
  by 
  the 
  escaping 
  steam, 
  etc., 
  have 
  been 
  

   ejected. 
  Thus 
  did 
  many 
  fragments 
  come 
  into 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  

   molten 
  lava 
  ascending 
  through 
  the 
  same 
  funnel, 
  and 
  were 
  coated 
  

   with 
  a 
  crust 
  of 
  lava, 
  the 
  above-mentioned 
  mandelstein-rind. 
  

  

  Although, 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  countless 
  ages, 
  every 
  trace 
  of 
  the 
  out- 
  

   ward 
  form 
  of 
  these 
  old 
  volcanoes 
  has 
  been 
  destroyed, 
  yet 
  the 
  bombs 
  

   here 
  preserved, 
  which 
  were 
  ejected 
  from 
  them, 
  demonstrate 
  clearly 
  

   the 
  existence 
  of 
  the 
  craters 
  and 
  show 
  that 
  their 
  activity 
  was 
  in 
  

   every 
  respect 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  recent 
  volcanoes. 
  

  

  