﻿*^°1' 
  53'] 
  GLACIAL 
  PHENOMENA 
  OF 
  PALEOZOIC 
  AGE. 
  137 
  

  

  10. 
  On 
  Glacial 
  Phenomena 
  of 
  Palaeozoic 
  Age 
  in 
  the 
  Yaeanger 
  

   Fiord. 
  By 
  Aubeey 
  Strahan, 
  Esq., 
  M.A,, 
  F.G.S. 
  (Eead 
  

   January 
  20th, 
  1897.) 
  

  

  [Plates 
  YIII-X.] 
  

  

  An 
  expedition 
  to 
  Yadso 
  in 
  the 
  Norse 
  King 
  having 
  been 
  organized 
  

   to 
  observe 
  the 
  total 
  eclipse 
  of 
  the 
  sun 
  in 
  1896, 
  I 
  took 
  advantage 
  of 
  

   it 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  examining 
  as 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  Varanger 
  Fiord 
  as 
  

   time 
  would 
  permit. 
  I 
  had 
  two 
  objects 
  more 
  especially 
  in 
  view 
  : 
  

   firstly, 
  a 
  visit 
  to 
  a 
  section 
  described 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Eeusch 
  as 
  showing 
  a 
  

   conglomerate 
  of 
  glacial 
  origin 
  intercalated 
  in 
  rocks 
  of 
  reputed 
  

   Palaeozoic 
  age 
  1 
  ; 
  and, 
  secondly, 
  an 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  raised 
  beaches 
  

   and 
  glacial 
  phenomena 
  of 
  the 
  region. 
  The 
  remoteness 
  of 
  the 
  fiord 
  

   probably 
  accounts 
  for 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  remarkable 
  section 
  dis- 
  

   covered 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Eeusch 
  had 
  remained 
  unvisited 
  by 
  any 
  other 
  

   geologist, 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  rejection 
  of 
  his 
  conclusions 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  

   most 
  convincing 
  evidence. 
  

  

  The 
  section 
  in 
  question 
  lies 
  about 
  26 
  miles 
  farther 
  up 
  the 
  Fiord 
  

   than 
  Yadso, 
  where 
  the 
  Worse 
  King 
  lay, 
  and 
  for 
  my 
  opportunities 
  

   of 
  visiting 
  it 
  I 
  was 
  indebted 
  to 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  E. 
  Pirrie, 
  who 
  most 
  

   generously 
  allowed 
  me 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  his 
  small 
  steamers 
  

   for 
  that 
  purpose. 
  I 
  had 
  also 
  the 
  advantage 
  of 
  the 
  assistance 
  of 
  

   Mr. 
  Charles 
  Upton 
  and 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  Dickson, 
  F.G.S. 
  , 
  in 
  examining 
  the 
  

   section. 
  

  

  The 
  Yaranger 
  Fiord 
  runs 
  nearly 
  east 
  and 
  west, 
  and 
  is 
  about 
  

   50 
  miles 
  long, 
  with 
  a 
  breadth 
  of 
  12 
  miles 
  at 
  Yadso, 
  and 
  of 
  3 
  to 
  7 
  

   miles 
  west 
  of 
  that 
  town. 
  At 
  its 
  western 
  extremity 
  it 
  divides 
  into 
  a 
  

   northern 
  branch, 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Mcesk 
  Fiord, 
  2 
  and 
  a 
  southern 
  branch, 
  

   at 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  which 
  lies 
  the 
  Lapp 
  settlement 
  of 
  Karlbotn. 
  The 
  

   fiord 
  itself 
  has 
  been 
  excavated 
  along 
  the 
  junction 
  of 
  the 
  crystalline 
  

   rocks 
  with 
  a 
  sedimentary 
  and 
  little 
  altered 
  formation 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  

   Gaisa 
  3 
  system, 
  and 
  consequently 
  presents 
  a 
  marked 
  contrast 
  in 
  the 
  

   scenery 
  of 
  its 
  northern 
  and 
  southern 
  shores. 
  The 
  former, 
  occupied 
  

   by 
  the 
  Gaisa 
  Beds, 
  presents 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  desolate 
  moorlands, 
  

   rising 
  gently 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  600 
  or 
  800 
  feet, 
  or 
  even 
  1000 
  feet 
  

   inland 
  ; 
  the 
  southern 
  shore, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  is 
  diversified 
  by 
  the 
  

   rugged 
  outlines 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  rocks, 
  and 
  is 
  intersected 
  

   by 
  numerous 
  deep 
  fiords 
  of 
  the 
  usual 
  Norwegian 
  type. 
  

  

  The 
  boundary-line 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  systems 
  is 
  shown 
  on 
  Keilhau's 
  

  

  1 
  Norges 
  geologiske 
  Undersogelse 
  : 
  'Det 
  nordlige 
  Norges 
  Geologi,' 
  1891, 
  

   pp. 
  26-34. 
  See 
  also 
  Aarbog 
  for 
  1891, 
  p. 
  78. 
  

  

  2 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  worth 
  noting 
  bere 
  that 
  good 
  quarters 
  are 
  obtainable 
  at 
  Nyborg, 
  

   on 
  the 
  northern 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Mcesk 
  Fiord, 
  and 
  that 
  an 
  excellent 
  road 
  leads 
  

   thence 
  to 
  Vadso 
  (30 
  miles) 
  in 
  the 
  one 
  direction 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  Tana 
  Eiver 
  (9 
  miles) 
  

   in 
  the 
  other. 
  

  

  3 
  The 
  term 
  ' 
  Gaisa,' 
  in 
  Finnish, 
  is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  ' 
  Fjeldtop 
  ' 
  in 
  Norse, 
  which, 
  

   literally 
  translated, 
  is 
  ' 
  mountain- 
  top.' 
  

  

  Q. 
  J. 
  G. 
  S. 
  No. 
  210. 
  i 
  

  

  