﻿"Vol. 
  53.] 
  EAISBD 
  BEACHES 
  OF 
  THE 
  VARANGER 
  FIORD. 
  Hi 
  

  

  11 
  The 
  Raised 
  Beaches 
  and 
  Glacial 
  Deposits 
  of 
  the 
  Yaraxger 
  

   Fiord. 
  By 
  Aubrey 
  Stbahait, 
  Esq., 
  M.A., 
  F.G.S. 
  (Read 
  

   January 
  20th, 
  1897.) 
  

  

  The 
  raised 
  beaches 
  of 
  the 
  Varanger 
  Fiord 
  have 
  frequently 
  been 
  

   noticed 
  1 
  Though 
  readily 
  recognized 
  all 
  round 
  Northern 
  Norway, 
  

   they 
  are 
  particularly 
  well 
  developed 
  on 
  the 
  less 
  precipitous 
  coasts 
  

   formed 
  by 
  the 
  Gaisa 
  rocks. 
  In 
  the 
  immediate 
  neighbourhood 
  ot 
  

   Yadso 
  the 
  long 
  slopes 
  leading 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  moorlands 
  of 
  the 
  interior 
  

   can 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  sea 
  to 
  be 
  diversified 
  by 
  a 
  succession 
  of 
  

   terraces, 
  too 
  numerous 
  to 
  count, 
  and 
  lying 
  one 
  above 
  the 
  other 
  up 
  

   to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  nearly 
  300 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  present 
  shore 
  On 
  closer 
  

   examination 
  these 
  terraces 
  are 
  found 
  to 
  consist 
  of 
  shingle 
  and 
  sand 
  

   piled 
  up 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  into 
  characteristic 
  beach-ridges, 
  and 
  

   enclosing 
  behind 
  them 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  shallow 
  lakes 
  or 
  peat-bogs. 
  

   Where 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  permits 
  they 
  extend 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   distance 
  inland, 
  and 
  change 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  tract 
  of 
  country 
  

  

  Though 
  in 
  every 
  locality 
  that 
  I 
  visited 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  intermediate 
  

   beaches 
  were 
  more 
  pronounced 
  than 
  others, 
  I 
  was 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  trace 
  

   on 
  such 
  banks 
  for 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  or 
  to 
  show 
  .hat 
  they 
  

   occurred 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  level 
  in 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  fiord. 
  They 
  

   seem 
  rather 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  due 
  to 
  wave-action 
  having 
  been 
  more 
  

   energetic 
  first 
  in 
  one 
  place, 
  then 
  in 
  another, 
  as 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  coast 
  

   varied 
  with 
  the 
  change 
  of 
  level. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  the 
  upper 
  

   limit 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  of 
  beaches 
  could 
  be 
  traced 
  without 
  difficulty, 
  

   and 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  saw, 
  contoured 
  the 
  hills 
  around 
  the 
  fiord 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  continuously. 
  The 
  following 
  aneroid-measurements 
  were 
  taken 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  Andrews, 
  F.G.S., 
  on 
  the 
  hillside 
  1 
  mile 
  north-west 
  ot 
  

  

  Yads0 
  " 
  : 
  - 
  Feet. 
  

  

  Trigonometrical 
  Station., 
  590 
  

  

  Highest 
  raised 
  beach 
  -£® 
  

  

  Numerous 
  raised 
  beaches, 
  the 
  more 
  prominent 
  I 
  232 
  

   occurring 
  at 
  -jj 
  

  

  A 
  conspicuous 
  shingle 
  - 
  bank 
  north 
  of 
  Vaclso 
  

  

  Church 
  y 
  ^ 
  

  

  Sea-level 
  

  

  The 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  Trigonometrical 
  Station 
  is 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  

   Norwegian 
  Government 
  Map 
  as 
  184 
  metres, 
  whence 
  it 
  would 
  appear 
  

   that 
  the 
  aneroid-readings 
  should 
  be 
  increased 
  by 
  about 
  4 
  per 
  cent 
  

   This 
  would 
  give 
  296 
  feet 
  as 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  highest 
  beach 
  at 
  

   Yadso, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  far 
  off 
  Dr. 
  Eeusch's 
  measurement 
  of 
  9,3 
  

   metres 
  It 
  is 
  worth 
  noting 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  land 
  stood 
  at 
  that 
  level 
  

   the 
  sea 
  must 
  have 
  extended 
  across 
  the 
  low 
  ground 
  separating 
  

  

  1 
  TThe 
  earliest 
  observations 
  that 
  I 
  am 
  aware 
  of 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  B. 
  M. 
  Keilhau 
  

   in 
  1837, 
  Nyt 
  Mag. 
  for 
  Naturvidensk. 
  p. 
  244, 
  and 
  ' 
  Gaea 
  Norvegica,' 
  Chnstiama, 
  

   1850.] 
  ' 
  

  

  