﻿148 
  MR. 
  A. 
  STRAHAN 
  ON 
  THE 
  EAISED 
  BEACHES 
  AND 
  [May 
  1897, 
  

  

  the 
  Varanger 
  Piord 
  from 
  the 
  Tana 
  Valley, 
  and 
  thus 
  communicated 
  

   with 
  the 
  Tana 
  Piord 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  isolate 
  a 
  large 
  tract 
  of 
  Norwegian 
  

   Lapland. 
  Prom 
  Karlbotn 
  I 
  could 
  see 
  the 
  terraces 
  extending 
  far 
  in 
  

   the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  Tana, 
  but 
  was 
  unable 
  to 
  follow 
  them 
  for 
  want 
  

   of 
  time. 
  It 
  must 
  be 
  noted, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  highest 
  

   beach 
  between 
  Nyborg 
  and 
  Karlbotn 
  was 
  only 
  235 
  feet, 
  according 
  

   to 
  an 
  aneroid-measurement 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Dickson 
  — 
  that 
  is, 
  61 
  feet 
  lower 
  

   than 
  at 
  Yadso. 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  raised 
  beach 
  is 
  best 
  seen 
  at 
  the 
  highest 
  level. 
  

   It 
  is 
  usually 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  level 
  terrace 
  of 
  shingle 
  resting 
  against 
  the 
  

   rock-slope, 
  but 
  not 
  unfrequently, 
  where 
  the 
  slope 
  is 
  gentle, 
  the 
  

   shingle 
  has* 
  been 
  piled 
  up 
  in 
  a 
  ridge, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  dam 
  back 
  the 
  land- 
  

   water 
  in 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  bogs 
  and 
  lakes, 
  as 
  already 
  mentioned. 
  The 
  

   terrace 
  or 
  ridge 
  often 
  runs 
  for 
  a 
  mile 
  or 
  two 
  continuously, 
  but 
  

   sooner 
  or 
  later 
  ends 
  off 
  against 
  a 
  rocky 
  shoulder 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  ; 
  in 
  

   more 
  than 
  one 
  such 
  case, 
  and 
  notably 
  1| 
  mile 
  east 
  of 
  Yadso, 
  the 
  

   beach 
  starting 
  as 
  a 
  mere 
  line 
  of 
  pebbles 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  

   such 
  an 
  obstruction 
  increased 
  in 
  size 
  eastward 
  until 
  it 
  piled 
  itself 
  

   as 
  a 
  conspicuous 
  bank 
  against 
  the 
  next 
  shoulder, 
  thus 
  pointing 
  to 
  

   the 
  prevalent 
  wind 
  and 
  wave-action 
  having 
  been 
  from 
  the 
  west. 
  

  

  While 
  traversing 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  rocky 
  tracts 
  on 
  the 
  hillside, 
  it 
  was 
  

   easy 
  to 
  follow 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  beach, 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  the 
  

   shingly 
  terrace, 
  for 
  the 
  rocks 
  below 
  that 
  level 
  were 
  conspicuously 
  

   distinguished 
  by 
  their 
  rounded 
  outlines 
  and 
  by 
  abundant 
  pot-holes, 
  

   while 
  those 
  above 
  it 
  present 
  the 
  usual 
  angular 
  and 
  splintered 
  

   appearance 
  due 
  to 
  weathering. 
  By 
  following 
  the 
  level 
  thus 
  marked 
  

   out, 
  I 
  was 
  led 
  to 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  little 
  isolated 
  patch 
  of 
  shingle- 
  

   beach, 
  occupying 
  what 
  had 
  obviously 
  been 
  a 
  small 
  shingly 
  bay 
  in 
  

   the 
  old 
  shore-line. 
  Good 
  examples 
  both 
  of 
  wave-worn 
  rocks 
  and 
  

   of 
  these 
  detached 
  patches 
  of 
  shingle 
  occur 
  on 
  a 
  hillside 
  north-east 
  

   of 
  Yadso. 
  2 
  

  

  Another 
  noticeable 
  point 
  was 
  the 
  abundance 
  of 
  large 
  erratics 
  

   lying 
  on 
  the 
  old 
  beaches. 
  Though 
  not 
  absent 
  above 
  the 
  highest 
  

   beach, 
  they 
  occurred 
  in 
  greater 
  abundance 
  on 
  and 
  below 
  that 
  level. 
  

   Among 
  these 
  were 
  some 
  of 
  a 
  conglomerate 
  containing 
  fragments 
  

   of 
  dolomite, 
  which 
  I 
  believe 
  had 
  been 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  Gaisa 
  Beds, 
  

   though 
  I 
  did 
  not 
  find 
  the 
  rock 
  in 
  situ 
  ; 
  boulders 
  of 
  igneous 
  and 
  

   metamorphic 
  rocks 
  were 
  common 
  also, 
  and 
  had 
  probably 
  been 
  brought 
  

   from 
  the 
  ground 
  near 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  fiord. 
  I 
  infer 
  from 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  these 
  erratics 
  that 
  floating 
  ice 
  was 
  at 
  work 
  during 
  the 
  

   formation 
  of 
  the 
  beaches, 
  though 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  day 
  the 
  Yaranger 
  

   Piord 
  never 
  freezes 
  in 
  its 
  wider 
  parts, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  tributary 
  

  

  1 
  [My 
  opportunities 
  were 
  too 
  limited 
  to 
  enable 
  me 
  to 
  enter 
  into 
  the 
  question 
  

   of 
  differential 
  uplift. 
  That 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  highest 
  beach 
  varies 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  

   and 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  observations 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  Bravais 
  in 
  

   the 
  Altenfiord 
  — 
  ' 
  Sur 
  les 
  Lignes 
  d'ancien 
  Niveau 
  de 
  la 
  Mer 
  dans 
  le 
  Fin 
  mark 
  ' 
  

   (extrait 
  des 
  ' 
  Voyages 
  en 
  Scandinavie, 
  en 
  Laponie 
  et 
  au 
  Spitzberg 
  de 
  la 
  Corvette 
  

   La 
  Recherche,'' 
  Paris, 
  1843). 
  Chambers 
  made 
  further 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  variations 
  

   of 
  level 
  in 
  1850, 
  ' 
  Tracings 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  of 
  Europe,' 
  pp. 
  199 
  et 
  seqq.] 
  

   , 
  2 
  The 
  limit 
  of 
  waterworn 
  rocks 
  is 
  equally 
  well 
  marked 
  at 
  Makur, 
  

   according 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Eeusch, 
  ' 
  Geology 
  of 
  Northern 
  Norway,' 
  p. 
  91 
  & 
  fig. 
  

  

  