﻿Vol. 
  53-] 
  

  

  OF 
  THE 
  SKULL 
  OF 
  A 
  PLIOSATTE. 
  

  

  181 
  

  

  again 
  expanded 
  and 
  unites 
  with 
  the 
  downwardly-directed 
  lateral 
  

   region 
  of 
  the 
  parietals; 
  the 
  actual 
  suture 
  is 
  unfortunately 
  not 
  

   visible. 
  

  

  Pig. 
  2. 
  — 
  Lateral 
  view 
  of 
  cranium, 
  showing 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  

   columella 
  and 
  paroccipital 
  process. 
  

  

  .pcw^ 
  

  

  col. 
  = 
  columella. 
  

   ex. 
  oc. 
  = 
  exoccipital. 
  

   oc.c. 
  = 
  occipital 
  condyle. 
  

   par. 
  = 
  parietal. 
  

  

  l.pt. 
  

   p.pt. 
  

   p.oc. 
  

  

  lateral 
  ramus 
  of 
  pterygoid, 
  

   posterior 
  ramus 
  of 
  pterygoid, 
  

   paroccipital 
  

  

  [About 
  \ 
  nat. 
  size.] 
  

  

  The 
  palatines 
  (PI. 
  XII, 
  pal.) 
  are 
  elongated 
  bones 
  bordered 
  

   internally 
  by 
  the 
  pterygoids 
  and, 
  probably 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  in 
  

   front, 
  by 
  the 
  vomers 
  ; 
  externally 
  by 
  the 
  maxillse, 
  and 
  posteriorly 
  

   by 
  the 
  lateral 
  wing 
  of 
  the 
  pterygoids 
  and 
  the 
  suborbital 
  vacuities. 
  

   Anteriorly 
  they 
  probably 
  formed 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  hinder 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  

   internal 
  nares, 
  but 
  their 
  relations 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  are 
  obscured 
  by 
  the 
  

   crushing 
  that 
  has 
  taken 
  place. 
  Each 
  palatine 
  is 
  perforated 
  by 
  a 
  

   foramen, 
  about 
  2 
  cm. 
  in 
  diameter, 
  lying 
  4 
  cm. 
  from 
  the 
  hinder 
  

   and 
  1 
  cm. 
  from 
  the 
  inner 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  bone 
  ; 
  these 
  foramina 
  do 
  

   not 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  palatines 
  of 
  Peloneustes. 
  

  

  The 
  vomers 
  (yo.\ 
  which 
  for 
  the 
  anterior 
  four-fifths 
  of 
  their 
  

   length 
  are 
  anchylosed 
  with 
  one 
  another, 
  are 
  very 
  large 
  bones, 
  about 
  

   40 
  cm. 
  long. 
  Anteriorly 
  they 
  run 
  up 
  some 
  distance 
  (13 
  cm.) 
  

   between 
  the 
  premaxillse, 
  behind 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  bordered 
  by 
  the 
  

   maxillse. 
  They 
  are 
  overlapped 
  to 
  a 
  considerable 
  extent 
  by 
  both 
  

   these 
  elements, 
  and 
  opposite 
  the 
  alveoli 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  maxillary 
  

   teeth 
  they 
  only 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  palate 
  as 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  

   about 
  6 
  mm. 
  in 
  width. 
  As 
  in 
  Peloneustes, 
  the 
  united 
  vomers 
  form 
  

   the 
  median 
  bar, 
  convex 
  from 
  side 
  to 
  side, 
  between 
  the 
  internal 
  

   narial 
  openings, 
  opposite 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  together 
  

   about 
  3 
  cm. 
  in 
  width. 
  Posteriorly 
  they 
  widen 
  out 
  to 
  about 
  

   4*8 
  cm., 
  and 
  behind 
  the 
  nares 
  they 
  terminate 
  in 
  a 
  fan-shaped 
  

   splintery 
  suture 
  against 
  the 
  pterygoids 
  and 
  palatines. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  

   noted, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  hinder 
  end 
  of 
  these 
  bones 
  

   are 
  not 
  quite 
  clear, 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  reason 
  to 
  suppose 
  that 
  their 
  

  

  