﻿"V°l' 
  53'] 
  SUPERFICIAL 
  DEPOSITS 
  IN 
  CUTCH. 
  227 
  

  

  ■which 
  consist 
  of 
  little-worn 
  miliolines. 
  These 
  organisms 
  belong, 
  of 
  

   course, 
  to 
  the 
  deposit 
  itself; 
  but 
  the 
  concrete 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  habit 
  of 
  

   enclosing 
  what 
  it 
  finds 
  on 
  the 
  spot. 
  Thus 
  at 
  Bhujia 
  Hill 
  it 
  is 
  full 
  of 
  

   the 
  fragments 
  of 
  trap 
  that 
  have 
  fallen 
  from 
  the 
  summit 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  

   Kas 
  scarp 
  it 
  encloses 
  the 
  little 
  Buliminus 
  which 
  is 
  now 
  living 
  in 
  

   the 
  district, 
  and 
  in 
  Bela 
  it 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  enclose 
  human 
  bones, 
  though 
  it 
  

   is 
  not 
  stated 
  definitely 
  that 
  the 
  deposit 
  there 
  was 
  undisturbed. 
  

  

  Such 
  are 
  the 
  facts 
  with 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  to 
  deal 
  in 
  attempting 
  to 
  

   discover 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  these 
  curious 
  deposits. 
  Their 
  constant 
  

   association 
  with 
  hills, 
  and 
  their 
  occurrence 
  in 
  the 
  glens, 
  might 
  

   suggest 
  at 
  first 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  a 
  rainwash, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  transported 
  

   by 
  rapidly 
  descending 
  water, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  lamination. 
  But 
  

   this 
  seems 
  impossible. 
  In 
  some 
  cases, 
  no 
  doubt, 
  the 
  solid 
  rocks 
  

   might 
  yield 
  the 
  sand, 
  but 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  ferruginous, 
  not 
  white, 
  

   and 
  such 
  sandstone-rocks 
  would 
  yield 
  very 
  little 
  calcareous 
  matter. 
  

   But 
  in 
  other 
  cases 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  sand 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  at 
  all. 
  

   Thus*in 
  the 
  Gora 
  Dongar 
  all 
  the 
  hills 
  are 
  of 
  limestone, 
  and 
  the 
  

   deposits 
  are 
  at 
  the 
  very 
  summit. 
  The 
  same 
  may 
  be 
  said 
  of 
  the 
  

   deposit 
  in 
  the 
  Jhurio 
  Hills 
  and 
  in 
  Bela, 
  while 
  the 
  miliolines 
  at 
  

   Kotae 
  cannot 
  possibly 
  be 
  of 
  local 
  derivation. 
  Moreover, 
  the 
  deposits 
  

   lie 
  on 
  a 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  rocks, 
  and 
  yet 
  have 
  an 
  uniform 
  character. 
  

   We 
  may 
  therefore 
  dismiss 
  this 
  explanation. 
  

  

  Another 
  alternative 
  is 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  marine 
  deposits. 
  This 
  would 
  

   involve 
  a 
  depression 
  in 
  quite 
  recent 
  times 
  of 
  700 
  feet 
  or 
  more, 
  and 
  

   would 
  in 
  noway 
  account 
  for 
  their 
  peculiar 
  local 
  distribution, 
  nor 
  for 
  

   their 
  lamination. 
  One 
  might 
  also 
  expect 
  marine 
  shells 
  when 
  

   delicate 
  Bulimini 
  and 
  tiny 
  miliolines 
  have 
  been 
  preserved. 
  But 
  

   greater 
  than 
  all 
  other 
  difficulties 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  their 
  loose 
  porous 
  

   character. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  my 
  experience 
  goes, 
  no 
  deposits 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  

   laid 
  down 
  in 
  water 
  are 
  of 
  similar 
  character. 
  The 
  water 
  invariably 
  

   aids 
  the 
  particles 
  in 
  packing 
  together 
  at 
  their 
  closest, 
  and 
  with 
  such 
  

   materials 
  as 
  these 
  they 
  would 
  form 
  a 
  solid 
  rock. 
  1 
  

  

  There 
  remains, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  see, 
  but 
  one 
  other 
  alternative, 
  and 
  

   that 
  is 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  seolian 
  in 
  origin, 
  and 
  this 
  will, 
  I 
  think, 
  be 
  

   found 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  all 
  their 
  peculiarities. 
  It 
  would 
  need, 
  however, 
  

   a 
  strong 
  wind 
  to 
  raise 
  sand 
  up 
  to 
  700 
  feet 
  in 
  one 
  place 
  and 
  560 
  

   feet 
  in 
  another, 
  and 
  carry 
  the 
  miliolines 
  from 
  the 
  nearest 
  sea. 
  We 
  

   must 
  therefore 
  enquire 
  whether 
  there 
  are 
  such 
  winds 
  in 
  Cutch. 
  

  

  The 
  Meteorological 
  Office 
  in 
  Simla 
  publishes 
  every 
  day 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  

   observations 
  showing, 
  amongst 
  other 
  things, 
  the 
  average 
  rate 
  per 
  

   hour 
  for 
  the 
  last 
  24 
  hours, 
  and 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  wind 
  at 
  8 
  a.m. 
  

   We 
  cannot 
  gather 
  from 
  this 
  what 
  was 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  wind 
  at 
  

   other 
  times, 
  for 
  if 
  the 
  direction 
  has 
  changed 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  change 
  

   is 
  not 
  recorded; 
  but 
  by 
  assuming 
  that 
  the 
  direction 
  at 
  8 
  a.m. 
  is 
  the 
  

   same 
  as 
  that 
  for 
  12 
  hours 
  before 
  and 
  12 
  hours 
  after, 
  we 
  may 
  arrive 
  

  

  1 
  Mr. 
  Wynne 
  (op. 
  cit. 
  p. 
  103) 
  speaks 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  patch 
  of 
  littoral 
  concrete 
  full 
  

   of 
  shell-casts 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  side 
  of 
  Patcham, 
  about 
  20 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  Ran 
  ; 
  but 
  

   he 
  does 
  nut 
  classify 
  this 
  with 
  the 
  ' 
  subrecent 
  concrete,' 
  which 
  he 
  says 
  is 
  uufos- 
  

   siliferous. 
  

  

  