﻿230 
  EEV. 
  J. 
  F. 
  BLAKE 
  ON 
  SOME 
  [May 
  1 
  89 
  J, 
  

  

  such, 
  deposits 
  away, 
  will 
  cement 
  the 
  particles 
  together 
  at 
  once, 
  as 
  

   they 
  do 
  the 
  flood-deposits 
  along 
  the 
  riversides. 
  Thus 
  each 
  lamina 
  

   ■will 
  represent 
  a 
  season's 
  work. 
  That 
  the 
  laminas 
  should 
  dip 
  

   towards 
  the 
  rock 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  concrete 
  rests, 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  nearest 
  

   to 
  the 
  rock, 
  is 
  what 
  we 
  should 
  expect 
  in 
  a 
  wind-blown 
  deposit. 
  

   For 
  when 
  sand 
  is 
  blown 
  against 
  an 
  obstacle 
  it 
  is 
  thrown 
  back 
  again 
  

   and 
  the 
  wind 
  has 
  to 
  pass 
  away 
  on 
  either 
  side, 
  so 
  that 
  in 
  such 
  places 
  

   we 
  always 
  find 
  an 
  intervening 
  valley 
  between 
  the 
  mound 
  and 
  the 
  

   obstacle, 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  mound 
  thus 
  sloping 
  towards 
  the 
  obstacle. 
  

   The 
  loose 
  porous 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  deposits, 
  as 
  already 
  pointed 
  out, 
  

   is 
  against 
  their 
  aqueous 
  origin, 
  but 
  is 
  what 
  we 
  should 
  expect 
  in 
  

   an 
  seolian 
  formation, 
  only 
  so 
  far 
  subjected 
  to 
  water 
  that 
  it 
  has 
  

   been 
  rained 
  upon. 
  The 
  uniformity 
  of 
  general 
  character 
  over 
  a 
  wide 
  

   area, 
  independently 
  of 
  the 
  rock 
  below, 
  is 
  thus 
  fully 
  accounted 
  for. 
  

   The 
  more 
  calcareous 
  composition 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  deposits 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  materials 
  here 
  are 
  mostly 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  sea 
  (hence 
  

   the 
  milioline 
  also), 
  while 
  farther 
  north 
  the 
  dust 
  is 
  reinforced 
  by 
  the 
  

   breaking-up 
  of 
  the 
  Jurassic 
  sandstones. 
  The 
  enclosure 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  

   rocks 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  Buliminus 
  is 
  quite 
  natural, 
  the 
  dust 
  finding 
  

   its 
  way 
  into 
  the 
  interstices 
  of 
  whatever 
  was 
  lying 
  on 
  the 
  ground. 
  1 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  Associated 
  Boulder 
  Beds. 
  

  

  These 
  are 
  not 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Wynne, 
  unless 
  he 
  refers 
  to 
  them 
  

   in 
  the 
  passage 
  quoted 
  above, 
  when 
  he 
  writes 
  of 
  the 
  concrete 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  

   ' 
  sometimes 
  conglomeratic 
  ' 
  (op. 
  cit. 
  p. 
  81). 
  As 
  no 
  seolian 
  deposit 
  can 
  

   be 
  in 
  itself 
  conglomeratic, 
  these 
  boulder-beds 
  require 
  explanation. 
  

  

  I 
  will 
  first 
  describe 
  the 
  three 
  localities 
  where 
  I 
  have 
  observed 
  

   these 
  beds. 
  The 
  first 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  a 
  river 
  running 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  

   Habo 
  Hills 
  at 
  Fulae 
  near 
  Kotae, 
  where 
  the 
  subrecent 
  concrete 
  has 
  

   been 
  above 
  recorded. 
  Here 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  following 
  section 
  (see 
  

   fig. 
  1). 
  

  

  The 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  about 
  4 
  to 
  6 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  vertical 
  sides 
  

   are 
  composed 
  of 
  Oxfordian 
  shales 
  dipping 
  at 
  a 
  very 
  high 
  angle. 
  

   Their 
  surface, 
  except 
  for 
  the 
  river-erosion, 
  is 
  nearly 
  flat, 
  and 
  

   immediately 
  on 
  the 
  top 
  lies 
  a 
  5-foot 
  bed 
  of 
  rounded 
  and 
  subangular 
  

   stones, 
  from 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  a 
  quarto 
  book 
  downwards, 
  embedded 
  in 
  a 
  

   fine 
  loamy 
  material 
  without 
  any 
  stratification. 
  The 
  boulders 
  lie 
  

   irregularly 
  jumbled 
  together, 
  with 
  a 
  tendency, 
  however, 
  for 
  the 
  long 
  

   axes 
  to 
  lie 
  horizontally, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  deposit 
  has 
  very 
  much 
  the 
  aspect 
  

   of 
  a 
  boulder-clay. 
  Over 
  this 
  comes 
  7 
  to 
  8 
  feet 
  of 
  false-bedded 
  

   concrete, 
  and 
  then 
  follows 
  another 
  boulder-bed 
  5 
  to 
  12 
  feet 
  thick 
  

   up 
  to 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  cliff, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  boulders 
  are 
  smaller, 
  about 
  

   the 
  usual 
  size 
  of 
  coals 
  in 
  a 
  scuttle. 
  All 
  the 
  boulders, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  

   observed, 
  can 
  be 
  matched 
  in 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  hills. 
  The 
  stratifica- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  approximately 
  horizontal 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  boulders 
  only 
  commence 
  

   some 
  way 
  down 
  stream, 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  outer 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  hills 
  

  

  1 
  If 
  this 
  be 
  the 
  true 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  calcareous 
  surface-deposits 
  of 
  Cutch, 
  it 
  is 
  

   probably 
  also 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  foraminiferous 
  rock 
  of 
  Porbandar, 
  which 
  too 
  is 
  

   local 
  and 
  is 
  backed 
  by 
  a 
  range 
  of 
  felsite-hills 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  east. 
  

  

  