﻿286 
  MR. 
  F. 
  R. 
  COWPER 
  REED 
  ON 
  THE 
  RED 
  ROCKS 
  [May 
  1897, 
  

  

  A 
  transverse 
  fault 
  b 
  is 
  well 
  seen 
  at 
  the 
  western 
  corner 
  of 
  Bally- 
  

   douane 
  Bay, 
  bringing 
  the 
  red 
  sandstones 
  against 
  the 
  ' 
  ophiolite/ 
  

   There 
  may 
  be 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  one 
  transverse 
  fault 
  c 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  

   the 
  stream, 
  but 
  the 
  beds 
  are 
  here 
  confused 
  by 
  slips. 
  A 
  transverse 
  

   fault 
  is 
  also 
  supposed 
  to 
  run 
  up 
  the 
  Cooneenacartan 
  valley, 
  shifting 
  

   back 
  the 
  outcrop 
  of 
  the 
  Poolatunish 
  block 
  of 
  Old 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  to 
  

   the 
  road 
  and 
  townland 
  of 
  Ballynarrid. 
  

  

  The 
  Bunmahon 
  mass 
  of 
  red 
  beds 
  is 
  cut 
  off 
  on 
  the 
  N.E. 
  by 
  a 
  fault 
  

   (E) 
  running 
  towards 
  the 
  E.N.E. 
  from 
  the 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  bay. 
  On 
  the 
  

   west 
  it 
  is 
  cut 
  off 
  by 
  a 
  transverse 
  fault 
  (e), 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  one 
  

   of 
  the 
  other 
  set 
  of 
  faults 
  (D) 
  bounds 
  it 
  with 
  a 
  downthrow 
  to 
  the 
  

   north, 
  as 
  at 
  St. 
  John's 
  Island. 
  Bunmahon 
  Head 
  is 
  thus 
  a 
  triangular 
  

   mass 
  faulted 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  (see 
  fig. 
  8, 
  p. 
  283). 
  But 
  it 
  plainly 
  belongs 
  

   to 
  the 
  northern 
  limb 
  of 
  the 
  anticline. 
  The 
  Knockmahon 
  mass 
  must 
  

   also 
  be 
  bounded 
  by 
  faults, 
  but 
  the 
  positions 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  uncertain. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  thus 
  perfectly 
  possible 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  

   isolated 
  masses 
  of 
  Old 
  lied 
  Sandstone 
  by 
  the 
  faults 
  traceable 
  on 
  the 
  

   ground, 
  nearly 
  all 
  of 
  them 
  being 
  clearly 
  exposed 
  on 
  the 
  coast. 
  

  

  Any 
  theory 
  explaining 
  them 
  as 
  strata 
  interbedded 
  with 
  the 
  Lower 
  

   Paleozoic 
  rocks 
  is 
  met 
  by 
  extraordinary 
  difficulties 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  cannot 
  

   see 
  how 
  these 
  can 
  be 
  overcome 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  

   sections. 
  

  

  In 
  my 
  opinion 
  all 
  the 
  evidence 
  points 
  to 
  these 
  masses 
  being 
  

   faulted 
  inliers 
  of 
  the 
  Old 
  Bed 
  Sandstone. 
  

  

  Discussion. 
  

  

  The 
  President 
  remarked 
  that 
  the 
  paper 
  opened 
  up 
  many 
  points 
  

   of 
  considerable 
  importance 
  with 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  succession 
  of 
  these 
  

   red 
  rocks 
  in 
  the 
  South 
  of 
  Ireland, 
  South 
  Wales, 
  and 
  Devon. 
  This 
  

   coast 
  of 
  Wexford 
  and 
  Waterford 
  was 
  separated 
  from 
  Pembrokeshire 
  

   by 
  only 
  50 
  miles 
  of 
  sea, 
  and 
  the 
  experience 
  of 
  the 
  Author 
  on 
  the 
  

   Pembrokeshire 
  coast 
  had 
  doubtless 
  helped 
  him 
  to 
  unravel 
  the 
  

   complicated 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  Irish 
  coast. 
  Faults 
  helped 
  to 
  explain 
  

   this 
  complexity 
  — 
  faults 
  which 
  took 
  place 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  Carboni- 
  

   ferous 
  influencing 
  all 
  the 
  rocks 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  deposited 
  before 
  

   that 
  time. 
  Earth-movements 
  had 
  caused 
  so 
  much 
  compression 
  and 
  

   faulting 
  as 
  to 
  throw 
  beds 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  true 
  succession 
  into 
  a 
  false 
  one. 
  

   Here 
  we 
  had 
  a 
  slice 
  of 
  Old 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  brought 
  into 
  apparently 
  

   conformable 
  succession 
  with 
  much 
  older 
  beds. 
  Such 
  examples, 
  but 
  

   much 
  more 
  evident, 
  were 
  seen 
  again 
  and 
  again 
  on 
  the 
  Pembrokeshire 
  

   coast. 
  The 
  Author's 
  lithological 
  evidence 
  was 
  extremely 
  convincing, 
  

   and 
  we 
  bad 
  to 
  use 
  this 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  palaeontological 
  evidence. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Hull 
  welcomed 
  a 
  paper 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  present 
  on 
  an 
  Irish 
  

   subject. 
  He 
  had, 
  unfortunately 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  discussion, 
  never 
  

   had 
  an 
  opportunity 
  of 
  visiting 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Waterford 
  

   described 
  by 
  the 
  Author, 
  inasmuch 
  as 
  before 
  his 
  sojourn 
  in 
  Ireland, 
  

   as 
  Director 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey, 
  the 
  district 
  referred 
  to 
  had 
  

   been 
  surveyed 
  by 
  Du 
  Noyer 
  under 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  late 
  

   Prof. 
  Jukes. 
  After 
  having 
  listened 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  paper, 
  illustrated 
  

  

  