﻿308 
  VOLCANIC 
  & 
  OTHER 
  ROCKS 
  FROM 
  THE 
  D^Ug. 
  1 
  89 
  7, 
  

  

  pinnacles 
  of 
  agglomerate 
  noticed 
  by 
  Capt. 
  McMahon 
  were 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  explain. 
  

  

  The 
  Rev. 
  Edwin 
  Hill 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  paper 
  teemed 
  with 
  points 
  of 
  

   interest. 
  The 
  pinnacle 
  shown 
  resembled 
  a 
  magnified 
  earth-pillar. 
  

   Was 
  the 
  water 
  which 
  disappeared 
  in 
  the 
  sand 
  ultimately 
  evaporated 
  ? 
  

   That 
  the 
  great 
  fault 
  in 
  its 
  course 
  disregarded 
  mountains 
  seemed 
  an 
  

   indication 
  of 
  its 
  depth. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Milne 
  made 
  special 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  fault 
  which 
  Capt. 
  

   McMahon 
  had 
  described, 
  and 
  compared 
  it 
  with 
  a 
  fault 
  which 
  

   in 
  1891 
  had 
  been 
  formed 
  in 
  Japan. 
  The 
  time 
  at 
  which 
  the 
  

   Indian 
  fault 
  had 
  been 
  created 
  was 
  not 
  known 
  ; 
  but, 
  from 
  earth- 
  

   quakes 
  which 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  originated 
  along 
  its 
  length, 
  it 
  was 
  

   clear 
  that 
  the 
  forces 
  which 
  had 
  crushed 
  together 
  and 
  uptilted 
  the 
  

   strata 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  were 
  not 
  yet 
  extinct. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  

   striking 
  phenomena 
  which 
  accompanied 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  

   Japan 
  fault 
  was 
  the 
  permanent 
  compression 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  in 
  its 
  

   vicinity. 
  River-beds 
  were 
  reduced 
  in 
  width 
  to 
  an 
  extent 
  of 
  

   1 
  or 
  2 
  per 
  cent., 
  while 
  certain 
  plots 
  of 
  ground 
  had 
  their 
  sides 
  

   shortened 
  in 
  the 
  ratio 
  of 
  from 
  10 
  to 
  7. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Cadell 
  said 
  that 
  the 
  remarkable 
  peaks 
  described 
  by 
  the 
  

   Author, 
  which 
  were 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  agglomerate, 
  might 
  be 
  explained 
  

   on 
  the 
  supposition 
  that 
  these 
  were 
  the 
  necks 
  of 
  old 
  volcanoes, 
  the 
  

   upper 
  parts 
  of 
  which, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  surrounding 
  strata, 
  had 
  

   been 
  denuded 
  away. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Jtjdd 
  called 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  steep-sided 
  masses 
  of 
  

   volcanic 
  agglomerate 
  which 
  rise 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  

   Le 
  Puy 
  in 
  Central 
  Prance, 
  and 
  are 
  crowned 
  by 
  the 
  Cathedral 
  and 
  

   the 
  church 
  of 
  St. 
  Michel. 
  These 
  seem 
  comparable, 
  though 
  of 
  

   smaller 
  dimensions, 
  with 
  the 
  great 
  columnar 
  masses 
  described 
  by 
  

   Capt. 
  McMahon. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  masses 
  of 
  Le 
  Puy 
  are 
  

   relics 
  left 
  by 
  denudation 
  of 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  volcanic 
  agglomerate 
  that 
  

   once 
  filled 
  the 
  whole 
  valley. 
  The 
  reason 
  why 
  these 
  masses 
  have 
  

   escaped 
  removal 
  by 
  denudation 
  is 
  probably 
  not 
  because 
  they 
  are 
  

   ' 
  volcanic 
  rocks,' 
  but 
  because 
  these 
  materials 
  have 
  been 
  consolidated 
  

   by 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  siliceous, 
  calcareous, 
  or 
  chalybeate 
  springs. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  H. 
  Woodward 
  and 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  W. 
  Watts 
  also 
  spoke. 
  

  

  Capt. 
  McMahon 
  observed, 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  what 
  Mr. 
  Hill 
  had 
  

   said 
  about 
  the 
  way 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  drainage 
  from 
  the 
  mountains 
  

   had 
  disappeared 
  when 
  intercepted 
  by 
  the 
  sand, 
  that, 
  although 
  it 
  

   disappears 
  below 
  the 
  surface, 
  water 
  can 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  places 
  at 
  a 
  

   very 
  slight 
  depth 
  below 
  the 
  sand, 
  sometimes 
  only 
  a 
  foot 
  or 
  two 
  

   below 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  great 
  difficulty 
  is 
  to 
  find 
  those 
  spots, 
  

   as 
  the 
  configuration 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  does 
  not 
  guide 
  one 
  so 
  much 
  

   in 
  finding 
  it 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  sub-surface 
  water 
  under 
  other 
  con- 
  

   ditions. 
  

  

  Then 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  supposition 
  that 
  the 
  pillar 
  of 
  Neza-i- 
  

   Sultan 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  neck 
  of 
  some 
  old 
  volcano, 
  he 
  pointed 
  out 
  

   that 
  there 
  are 
  numerous 
  peaks 
  of 
  grotesque 
  shape 
  in 
  the 
  near 
  

   neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  Neza-i- 
  Sultan, 
  all 
  apparently 
  made 
  of 
  the 
  

   same 
  rock 
  and 
  all 
  probably 
  reduced 
  to 
  their 
  present 
  curious 
  shapes 
  

  

  