﻿Vol. 
  53.] 
  ASSOCIATED 
  DEPOSITS 
  AT 
  NEWBURY. 
  427 
  

  

  60 
  °/ 
  subangular 
  brown 
  flints 
  of 
  all 
  sizes. 
  

   20°/ 
  „ 
  black 
  

  

  10 
  °/ 
  well-rounded 
  brown 
  and 
  black 
  flints. 
  

   9 
  °/ 
  subangular 
  sarsens, 
  up 
  to 
  6 
  inches 
  in 
  longest 
  diameter, 
  coloured 
  

   variously 
  brown 
  and 
  grey. 
  These 
  sarsens 
  are 
  bigger 
  where 
  they 
  

   rest 
  on 
  the 
  sand. 
  

   1 
  °/ 
  subangular 
  green-coated 
  flints. 
  

  

  The 
  composition 
  of 
  this 
  gravel 
  does 
  not 
  tell 
  us 
  much, 
  though 
  a 
  

   comparison 
  with 
  the 
  other 
  gravels 
  shows 
  it 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  derived 
  

   from 
  them 
  both, 
  with 
  perhaps 
  debris 
  from 
  the 
  Reading 
  Beds 
  brought 
  

   from 
  higher 
  reaches 
  of 
  the 
  Kennet 
  Valley 
  ; 
  the 
  larger 
  percentage 
  

   of 
  rolled 
  flints 
  is 
  noticeable. 
  The 
  level 
  (260 
  feet 
  above 
  O.D.) 
  of 
  this 
  

   gravel, 
  and 
  its 
  exceptionally 
  fine 
  broad 
  terraces, 
  however, 
  leave 
  no 
  

   doubt 
  as 
  to 
  its 
  order 
  of 
  formation. 
  Geologists 
  visiting 
  Newbury 
  

   can 
  obtain 
  a 
  most 
  comprehensive 
  view 
  of 
  these 
  Upper 
  River-gravel 
  

   terraces, 
  from 
  the 
  Great 
  Western 
  Railway-bridge 
  in 
  Gashouse 
  Road. 
  

  

  Worked 
  flints 
  of 
  Palaeolithic 
  type 
  may 
  be 
  picked 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  

   ploughed 
  fields 
  that 
  cover 
  the 
  Upper 
  River-gravel. 
  Th^ 
  are 
  

   usually 
  rolled 
  and 
  stained 
  like 
  the 
  flints. 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  

   secure 
  any 
  from 
  the 
  gravel 
  itself. 
  

  

  The 
  animal 
  remains 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  groups 
  ; 
  and 
  as 
  the 
  bones 
  are 
  

   quite 
  unrolled 
  and 
  in 
  fair 
  preservation, 
  we 
  may 
  consider 
  the 
  fauna 
  

   to 
  have 
  inhabited 
  the 
  near 
  vicinity. 
  I 
  obtained 
  all 
  the 
  fossils 
  in 
  

   this 
  Upper 
  Gravel 
  myself, 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  Elephas 
  primi- 
  

   genius, 
  which 
  was 
  found 
  during 
  excavations 
  for 
  the 
  Great 
  Western 
  

   Railway 
  some 
  years 
  ago. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  E. 
  T. 
  Newton, 
  F.R.S., 
  to 
  whom 
  I 
  am 
  greatly 
  indebted, 
  

   kindly 
  named 
  these 
  bones, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  other 
  mammalian 
  remains 
  

   from 
  Newbury. 
  The 
  list 
  from 
  the 
  Upper 
  River-gravel 
  comprises 
  

   Ovis, 
  Bos 
  taurus, 
  Sus 
  scrofa, 
  Equus 
  caballus, 
  Rangifer 
  tarandus, 
  

   and 
  Bos 
  primigenius. 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  Upper 
  River-gravel 
  is 
  not 
  well 
  shown 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  Kennet 
  (see 
  PI. 
  XXX. 
  section 
  AB), 
  owing 
  to 
  local 
  disturbance 
  

   through 
  road-making, 
  though 
  \ 
  mile 
  farther 
  up-stream 
  the 
  terrace 
  

   is 
  clearly 
  defined. 
  A 
  fault 
  in 
  the 
  Chalk 
  almost 
  follows 
  the 
  northern 
  

   terrace-edge 
  at 
  Newbury, 
  and 
  its 
  probable 
  position 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  

   section 
  AB. 
  This 
  fault 
  was 
  predicted 
  by 
  Prof. 
  T. 
  Rupert 
  Jones, 
  F.R.S., 
  

   before 
  our 
  excavation 
  confirmed 
  it, 
  his 
  reason 
  being 
  the 
  copious 
  and 
  

   steady 
  supply 
  of 
  Chalk 
  water 
  obtained 
  by 
  sinking 
  some 
  20 
  feet 
  at 
  

   the 
  Newbury 
  Waterworks 
  in 
  North 
  croft, 
  situated 
  upon 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  

   fault 
  which 
  runs 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  with 
  the 
  valley. 
  2 
  

  

  § 
  5. 
  The 
  Lower 
  River-geavel. 
  

  

  The 
  Lower 
  River-gravel, 
  resting 
  at 
  Newbury 
  upon 
  the 
  Chalk, 
  

   chiefly 
  occupies 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  ; 
  it 
  forms 
  the 
  base 
  upon 
  

   which 
  the 
  Neolithic 
  peat 
  and 
  shell-marl 
  have 
  been 
  deposited, 
  and 
  

  

  1 
  [A 
  large 
  tusk 
  of 
  mammoth 
  was 
  found 
  by 
  the 
  late 
  Dr. 
  Silas 
  Palmer, 
  of 
  

   Newbury, 
  in 
  this 
  gravel 
  by 
  the 
  river-side 
  at 
  North 
  croft 
  Lane 
  in 
  that 
  town, 
  some 
  

   years 
  a?o. 
  — 
  T. 
  E.J.] 
  

  

  2 
  Note 
  III. 
  in 
  Appendix 
  I., 
  p. 
  433. 
  

  

  