﻿428 
  

  

  MR. 
  E. 
  P. 
  RIQKARDS 
  ON 
  THE 
  GRAVELS 
  AND 
  [Allg. 
  1897, 
  

  

  is 
  the 
  lowest 
  gravel 
  found 
  at 
  Newbury. 
  It 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  gravel 
  

  

  derived 
  from 
  all 
  the 
  other 
  gravels 
  mentioned, 
  but 
  with 
  

  

  a 
  larger 
  

  

  percentage 
  of 
  flints 
  direct 
  from 
  the 
  Chalk. 
  The 
  finest 
  section 
  was 
  

   exposed 
  at 
  the 
  pumping-station 
  of 
  the 
  drainage-works, 
  in 
  the 
  flat 
  

   water-meadows 
  near 
  the 
  Kennet 
  (on 
  Cook's 
  Farm), 
  represented 
  by 
  

   fig. 
  5. 
  The 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  is 
  about 
  240 
  feet 
  above 
  O.D. 
  The 
  

   white 
  flinty 
  clay 
  underlying 
  this 
  was 
  sticky, 
  adhering 
  tenaciously 
  

   to 
  the 
  flint-nodules 
  intermingled 
  with 
  it. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  5. 
  — 
  Section 
  at 
  the 
  Pumping-station 
  of 
  the 
  Drainage-works. 
  

  

  I0h 
  feet. 
  

  

  feet. 
  

  

  5 
  feet 
  

   exposed. 
  

  

  9 
  C° 
  ^ 
  

  

  

  'V'CF 
  

  

  fa 
  & 
  

  

  ■IP* 
  

  

  -ifo 
  

  

  aV 
  5 
  ^ 
  

  

  a 
  

  

  

  Peaty 
  soil 
  and 
  peat, 
  with 
  Neolithic 
  flint- 
  

   implements. 
  

  

  Stiff, 
  pale 
  yellow, 
  sandy, 
  homogeneous 
  clay. 
  

  

  Clean 
  flint-shingle, 
  grey 
  in 
  colour, 
  sarsens 
  up 
  to 
  

   12 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  near 
  the 
  base, 
  and 
  small 
  

   chalk-fragments 
  intermingled 
  throughout. 
  

  

  Composition 
  : 
  

  

  70 
  % 
  brown 
  flints, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  nearly 
  rounded, 
  

   the 
  rest 
  subangular; 
  

  

  20 
  0/ 
  subangular, 
  white-coated, 
  black 
  flints 
  

   (black 
  where 
  worn) 
  ; 
  

  

  10 
  0/ 
  subangular, 
  ferruginous 
  gritstone, 
  green- 
  

   coated 
  flints, 
  large 
  subangular 
  sarsens, 
  and 
  

   flint-nodules. 
  

  

  White 
  sandy 
  clay, 
  with 
  black 
  flint-nodules 
  and 
  

   chalk- 
  fragments. 
  

  

  Chalk-with-flints. 
  

  

  [Vertical 
  scale 
  : 
  \ 
  inch 
  = 
  1 
  foot.] 
  

  

  About 
  30 
  yards 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  pumping-station 
  I 
  obtained 
  the 
  

   section 
  shown 
  in 
  fig. 
  6. 
  This 
  gravel 
  usually 
  has 
  a 
  grey 
  appearance 
  : 
  

   the 
  flints, 
  unless 
  rounded, 
  being 
  much 
  battered 
  and 
  abraded. 
  The 
  

   matrix 
  is 
  frequently 
  absent; 
  when 
  present, 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  cleanest 
  

   quartzose 
  sand, 
  and 
  rarely 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  has 
  a 
  matrix 
  of 
  white 
  

   shell-marl, 
  loosely 
  filling 
  the 
  interstices. 
  The 
  water 
  percolated 
  

   through 
  this 
  gravel 
  into 
  our 
  sinkings 
  at 
  an 
  extraordinary 
  rate, 
  

   necessitating 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  three 
  steam-pumps 
  at 
  one 
  time, 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  

   water 
  from 
  rising 
  in 
  a 
  shaft 
  19 
  feet 
  square, 
  when 
  only 
  sunk 
  15 
  feet 
  

  

  