﻿436 
  ME. 
  E. 
  P. 
  RICHARES 
  ON 
  THE 
  GRAVIES 
  AND 
  [Aug. 
  1 
  897,, 
  

  

  Of 
  these 
  the 
  most 
  noteworthy 
  are 
  Arion 
  ater, 
  Planorbis 
  glaber,. 
  

   and 
  Pisidium 
  milium. 
  The 
  last-named 
  form 
  has 
  hitherto 
  heen 
  

   unrecorded 
  in 
  a 
  fossil 
  state 
  in 
  this 
  country. 
  At 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  it 
  

   is 
  a 
  widely 
  distributed, 
  though 
  local, 
  species. 
  Planorbis 
  glaber, 
  

   though 
  extremely 
  abundant 
  in 
  Pleistocene 
  deposits, 
  is 
  equally 
  rare 
  

   in 
  those 
  of 
  later 
  date, 
  and 
  its 
  area 
  of 
  distribution 
  has 
  certainly 
  

   diminished. 
  Arion 
  ater 
  has 
  only 
  once 
  been 
  recorded 
  from 
  any 
  

   deposit 
  in 
  this 
  country, 
  and 
  that 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  doubtful 
  age 
  near 
  Maid- 
  

   stone; 
  but 
  it 
  has 
  probably 
  been 
  overlooked, 
  since 
  the 
  internal 
  

   calcareous 
  granules 
  are 
  very 
  small 
  indeed, 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  

   portions 
  which 
  would 
  be 
  preserved 
  in 
  a 
  deposit. 
  

  

  Our 
  collection 
  has 
  been 
  derived 
  from 
  three 
  sources 
  : 
  — 
  firstly, 
  a 
  

   series 
  collected 
  by 
  one 
  of 
  us 
  during 
  an 
  excursion 
  of 
  the 
  Geologists' 
  

   Association 
  to 
  Newbury 
  l 
  ; 
  secondly, 
  some 
  specimens 
  seut 
  by 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  

   J 
  . 
  Bennett, 
  E.G.S. 
  ; 
  and, 
  lastly, 
  a 
  large 
  quantity 
  of 
  material 
  for- 
  

   warded 
  by 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  Percy 
  Richards, 
  E.G.S. 
  It 
  is 
  noteworthy 
  that 
  

   from 
  each 
  a 
  different 
  series 
  of 
  forms 
  has 
  been 
  obtained. 
  Thus, 
  in 
  

   the 
  first 
  case, 
  Helix 
  nemoralis, 
  BytMnia 
  tentaculata, 
  and 
  Helicella 
  

   ericetorum 
  occurred, 
  though 
  unknown 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  two. 
  Mr. 
  Bennett's 
  

   specimens 
  included 
  numerous 
  examples 
  of 
  Valvata 
  piscinalis, 
  which 
  

   are 
  the 
  only 
  specimens 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  seen 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  material 
  from 
  

   the 
  last 
  source 
  was 
  certainly 
  deposited 
  in 
  swampy 
  ground 
  and 
  not 
  

   in 
  deep 
  water, 
  as 
  evinced 
  by 
  the 
  abundance 
  of 
  Vertigo 
  antivertigo, 
  

   Carychium 
  minimum, 
  Arion 
  ater, 
  Agriolimax 
  agrestis, 
  and 
  Limnwa 
  

   truncatula 
  — 
  forms 
  which 
  are 
  characteristic 
  of 
  such 
  localities. 
  

  

  PLATE 
  XXX. 
  

  

  Map 
  of 
  Newbury 
  and 
  sections 
  in 
  the 
  immediate 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  town. 
  

  

  Discussion. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  E. 
  T. 
  Newton 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  careful 
  and 
  detailed 
  work 
  

   contained 
  in 
  this 
  paper, 
  which 
  he 
  thought 
  would 
  prove 
  a 
  valuable 
  

   addition 
  to 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  immediately 
  succeeding 
  the 
  

   Pleistocene 
  gravels, 
  and 
  would 
  help 
  to 
  a 
  better 
  understanding 
  of 
  

   the 
  events 
  which 
  came 
  between 
  Palaeolithic 
  and 
  Neolithic 
  times 
  ; 
  

   he 
  also 
  remarked 
  on 
  the 
  vertebrate-remains 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  collected 
  

   by 
  the 
  Author, 
  not 
  only 
  from 
  the 
  undoubted 
  Pleistocene 
  gravels, 
  

   but 
  also 
  from 
  the 
  Neolithic 
  and 
  more 
  recent 
  deposits. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Monckton 
  thought 
  it 
  a 
  pity 
  that 
  the 
  term 
  < 
  Glacial 
  Gravel 
  ' 
  

   was 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  gravel 
  near 
  Donnington 
  Square, 
  as 
  it 
  did 
  not 
  

   appear 
  from 
  the 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  composition 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  paper 
  that 
  

   it 
  belonged 
  to 
  the 
  class 
  of 
  gravels 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  Glacial 
  Drift 
  by 
  

   most 
  modern 
  authors 
  (see 
  remarks 
  by 
  Mr. 
  "Whitaker, 
  i 
  Geol. 
  of 
  

   London,' 
  vol. 
  i. 
  1889, 
  p. 
  299). 
  The 
  speaker 
  had 
  examined 
  all 
  the 
  

   sections 
  in 
  gravel 
  that 
  he 
  could 
  find 
  near 
  Newbury, 
  but 
  had 
  not 
  

   seen 
  anything 
  which 
  he 
  should 
  include 
  in 
  the 
  Glacial 
  Drift. 
  Thus 
  

   he 
  had 
  not 
  found 
  boulders 
  or 
  pebbles 
  from 
  the 
  Triassic 
  pebble-beds 
  

  

  1 
  Proc. 
  Geol. 
  Assoc, 
  vol. 
  vi. 
  (1879) 
  p. 
  185. 
  

  

  