﻿V°l« 
  53-J 
  ROCKS 
  AND 
  FOSSILS 
  FROM 
  FRANZ 
  JOSEF 
  LAND. 
  477 
  

  

  34. 
  Notes 
  on 
  a 
  Collection 
  of 
  Kocks 
  and 
  Fossils 
  from 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  

   Land, 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  Jackson-Harmsworth 
  Expedition 
  during 
  

   1894-1896. 
  By 
  E. 
  T. 
  Newton, 
  Esq., 
  F.R.S., 
  F.G.S., 
  and 
  

   J. 
  J. 
  H. 
  Teall, 
  Esq., 
  M.A., 
  F.R.S., 
  V.P.G.S. 
  (Read 
  June 
  23rd, 
  

  

  1897.) 
  

  

  [Plates 
  XXXVII-XLL] 
  

  

  Contents. 
  

  

  Page 
  

  

  I. 
  Introduction 
  477 
  

  

  II. 
  Previous 
  Work 
  on 
  the 
  Geology 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Laud 
  477 
  

  

  III. 
  The 
  Basalts 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land 
  482 
  

  

  IV. 
  Distribution 
  of 
  Basalts 
  of 
  similar 
  Type 
  490 
  

  

  V. 
  Fossils 
  and 
  Sedimentary 
  Bocks 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land 
  493 
  

  

  VI. 
  The 
  Belations 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  Fossiliferous 
  Horizons 
  511 
  

  

  VII. 
  Conclusion 
  515 
  

  

  I. 
  Introduction. 
  

  

  The 
  steamship 
  Windward, 
  which 
  has 
  now 
  paid 
  two 
  visits 
  to 
  

   Franz 
  Josef 
  Land, 
  brought 
  back 
  last 
  year 
  (1896) 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  rocks 
  

   and 
  fossils, 
  collected 
  by 
  the 
  Jackson-Harmsworth 
  Expedition. 
  

   This 
  collection, 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  which 
  has 
  reached 
  this 
  

   country 
  from 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land, 
  was 
  forwarded 
  to 
  the 
  Geological 
  

   Survey, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  request 
  of 
  the 
  Director-General, 
  Sir 
  Archibald 
  

   Geikie, 
  we 
  have 
  undertaken 
  its 
  examination. 
  Although 
  the 
  full 
  

   results 
  of 
  the 
  geological 
  observations 
  recorded 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Koettlitz 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  made 
  known 
  until 
  the 
  return 
  of 
  the 
  expedition, 
  it 
  has 
  

   been 
  thought 
  desirable 
  that 
  a 
  preliminary 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  district, 
  

   based 
  on 
  the 
  specimens 
  already 
  received, 
  should 
  be 
  published. 
  

  

  II. 
  Previous 
  "Work 
  on 
  the 
  Geology 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land. 
  

  

  The 
  geological 
  literature 
  relating 
  to 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land, 
  though 
  

   small 
  in 
  amount, 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  prove 
  that 
  those 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  

   district 
  which 
  have 
  as 
  yet 
  been 
  visited 
  possess 
  a 
  comparatively 
  

   simple 
  geological 
  structure. 
  Scattered 
  observations 
  have 
  now 
  been 
  

   made 
  over 
  more 
  than 
  two 
  degrees 
  of 
  latitude 
  by 
  Payer, 
  Leigh 
  

   Smith, 
  Jackson, 
  and 
  Nansen, 
  and 
  everywhere 
  the 
  features 
  observed 
  

   appear 
  to 
  be 
  essentially 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  character. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  region 
  of 
  

   plateau-basalts 
  comparable, 
  not 
  only 
  in 
  its 
  main 
  features, 
  but 
  also 
  

   in 
  many 
  of 
  its 
  minor 
  details, 
  to 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  coast 
  of 
  

   Scotland. 
  Vast 
  flows 
  of 
  basaltic 
  lava, 
  associated 
  in 
  all 
  probability 
  

   with 
  intrusive 
  sills 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  type 
  of 
  rock, 
  form 
  the 
  greater 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  district. 
  Sometimes 
  the 
  basalt 
  descends 
  to 
  the 
  level 
  

   of 
  the 
  sea, 
  and 
  sometimes, 
  as 
  at 
  Cape 
  Flora, 
  rests 
  on 
  some 
  600 
  feet 
  

   of 
  nearly 
  horizontal 
  strata 
  of 
  Jurassic 
  age. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  safely 
  pre- 
  

   dicted 
  that 
  if 
  the 
  capping 
  of 
  snow 
  and 
  ice 
  which 
  conceals 
  so 
  large 
  

   a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  were 
  cleared 
  away, 
  the 
  geological 
  aspect 
  

   and 
  physical 
  features 
  of 
  Northbrook 
  Island 
  would 
  be 
  very 
  similar 
  

  

  