﻿Vol. 
  53.] 
  ROCKS 
  AND 
  FOSSILS 
  FROM. 
  FRANZ 
  JOSEF 
  LAND. 
  493 
  

  

  small 
  quantity 
  of 
  colourless 
  interstitial 
  matter 
  (? 
  analcime) 
  may 
  be 
  

   present. 
  The 
  rock 
  contains 
  a 
  few 
  scattered 
  felspars, 
  somewhat 
  

   larger 
  than 
  the 
  microlites, 
  and 
  also 
  grains 
  of 
  quartz 
  and 
  patches 
  of 
  

   calcite. 
  A 
  special 
  feature 
  is 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  aureoles 
  of 
  slender 
  

   augite-microlites 
  round 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  patches 
  of 
  quartz 
  and 
  calcite 
  

   (PI. 
  XXXVII, 
  fig. 
  5). 
  These 
  microlites 
  are 
  larger 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  main 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  rock, 
  and 
  show 
  a 
  rough 
  tendency 
  to 
  a 
  radial 
  

   arrangement 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  nucleus. 
  

  

  The 
  occurrence 
  in 
  basaltic 
  rocks 
  of 
  quartz-grains 
  surrounded 
  by 
  

   aureoles 
  rich 
  in 
  augite-microlites 
  has 
  been 
  frequently 
  described, 
  1 
  

   and 
  a 
  discussion 
  has 
  arisen 
  as 
  to 
  whether 
  the 
  quartz 
  is 
  indigenous 
  

   or 
  exotic. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  the 
  aureoles 
  surrounding 
  quartz 
  are 
  pre- 
  

   cisely 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  surrounding 
  calcite. 
  

  

  The 
  microscopic 
  section 
  also 
  shows 
  many 
  groupings 
  of 
  augite- 
  

   microlites 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  surrounding 
  the 
  grains 
  of 
  quartz 
  and 
  

   calcite, 
  but 
  without 
  a 
  central 
  nucleus. 
  This 
  may 
  be, 
  and 
  doubtless 
  

   is 
  in 
  some 
  cases, 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  section 
  does 
  not 
  pass 
  

   through 
  the 
  centre, 
  but 
  the 
  occurrences 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  too 
  frequent 
  

   to 
  be 
  entirely 
  explained 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  This 
  type 
  of 
  basalt 
  appears 
  

   to 
  be 
  rare 
  in 
  the 
  volcanic 
  province 
  to 
  which 
  Franz. 
  Josef 
  Land 
  

   belongs. 
  We 
  are 
  unable 
  to 
  refer 
  to 
  any 
  rocks 
  from 
  this 
  province 
  

   with 
  which 
  it 
  can 
  be 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  closely 
  allied. 
  

  

  Y. 
  Fossils 
  and 
  Sedimentary 
  Rocks 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land. 
  

  

  The 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  fossils 
  have 
  been 
  collected 
  in 
  the 
  

   immediate 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Elmwood, 
  the 
  depot 
  of 
  the 
  Jackson- 
  

   Harms 
  worth 
  party, 
  and 
  around 
  Cape 
  Flora 
  : 
  but 
  others 
  have 
  been 
  

   obtained 
  farther 
  afield, 
  during 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  longer 
  expeditions. 
  

   Each 
  of 
  the 
  localities, 
  with 
  the 
  fossils 
  there 
  found, 
  will 
  be 
  first 
  

   noticed, 
  and 
  their 
  relations 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  afterwards 
  considered. 
  

  

  The 
  little 
  settlement 
  of 
  Elmwood 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  Cape 
  

   Flora, 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  Xorthbrook 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  placed 
  on 
  a 
  raised 
  beach 
  

   at 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  about 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea. 
  Behind 
  the 
  

   settlement 
  are 
  extensive 
  talus-heaps, 
  above 
  which 
  steep 
  cliffs 
  rise 
  to 
  

   a 
  height 
  of 
  about 
  1100 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  capped 
  by 
  100 
  

   feet 
  of 
  ice. 
  The 
  lower 
  500 
  or 
  600 
  feet 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  chiefly 
  clay, 
  

   interstratified 
  with 
  shales 
  and 
  bands 
  of 
  ironstone, 
  lignite, 
  etc., 
  

   and 
  almost 
  hidden 
  by 
  the 
  talus, 
  while 
  the 
  upper 
  500 
  is 
  basalt. 
  

  

  1. 
  North 
  of 
  Cape 
  Flora. 
  

  

  The 
  highest 
  fossiliferous 
  bed 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  in 
  situ, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  

   collection 
  has 
  representatives, 
  is 
  that 
  discovered 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Kcettlitz 
  

   on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  Cape 
  Flora, 
  where 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  shale, 
  broken 
  

   into 
  innumerable 
  fragments 
  and 
  containing 
  impressions 
  of 
  plants, 
  

   was 
  found 
  lying 
  across 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  dolerite, 
  protruding 
  through 
  

   the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  glacier 
  at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  about 
  700 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  

  

  1 
  ' 
  On 
  a 
  Group 
  of 
  Volcanic 
  Rocks 
  from 
  the 
  Tewan 
  Mountains. 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  Occurrence 
  of 
  Primary 
  Quartz 
  in 
  certain 
  Basalts,' 
  J. 
  P. 
  Icldings, 
  

   Bull. 
  U.S. 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  no. 
  66. 
  189(3. 
  

  

  