﻿Yol. 
  53.] 
  ROCKS 
  AND 
  FOSSILS 
  PROM 
  FRANZ 
  JOSEF 
  LAND. 
  503 
  

  

  6. 
  Cape 
  Gertrude. 
  

  

  Cape 
  Gertrude, 
  which 
  is 
  some 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  miles 
  east 
  of 
  Cape 
  Flora, 
  

   rises 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  about 
  1100 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea. 
  Mr. 
  Fisher, 
  

   who 
  has 
  carefully 
  examined 
  this 
  locality, 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  uppermost 
  

   100 
  feet 
  is 
  basalt, 
  columnar 
  above, 
  but 
  more 
  irregular 
  underneath. 
  

   From 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  this 
  basalt 
  to 
  the 
  sea-level 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  is 
  

   almost 
  wholly 
  hidden 
  by 
  talus 
  ; 
  but 
  at 
  one 
  place 
  the 
  debris 
  has 
  been 
  

   cleared 
  away, 
  apparently 
  by 
  ice 
  or 
  rock 
  falling 
  from 
  above, 
  exposing 
  

   a 
  series 
  of 
  sedimentary 
  beds 
  more 
  than 
  200 
  feet 
  high 
  by 
  about 
  

   100 
  feet 
  wide, 
  the 
  highest 
  part 
  being 
  between 
  300 
  and 
  400 
  feet 
  

   above 
  the 
  sea. 
  Dr. 
  Koettlitz, 
  with 
  Mr. 
  Fisher, 
  measured 
  the 
  section 
  

   thus 
  exposed, 
  and 
  they 
  found 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  seventy 
  beds 
  of 
  sand, 
  

   flaggy 
  sandstone, 
  pebbly 
  sand, 
  shales, 
  lignite, 
  etc., 
  varying 
  in 
  

   thickness 
  from 
  3 
  inches 
  to 
  25 
  feet. 
  The 
  extraordinary 
  number 
  of 
  

   thin 
  beds 
  of 
  diverse 
  character 
  shown 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  points 
  to 
  

   rapidly-varying 
  conditions 
  of 
  deposition, 
  and 
  possibly 
  to 
  oscil- 
  

   lations 
  of 
  level 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  lignite 
  indicate, 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  

   at 
  least, 
  a 
  freshwater 
  origin. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  this 
  lignite, 
  and 
  some 
  wood 
  found 
  embedded 
  

   in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  basalt, 
  no 
  fossils 
  have 
  been 
  obtained 
  from 
  

   this 
  section, 
  and 
  consequently 
  the 
  beds 
  cannot 
  be 
  correlated 
  with 
  

   those 
  at 
  Cape 
  Flora. 
  The 
  lignite-seams 
  at 
  the 
  latter 
  locality, 
  and 
  

   the 
  few 
  indications 
  there 
  seen 
  of 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  beds, 
  appear 
  to 
  

   indicate 
  many 
  rapid 
  alternations 
  of 
  thin 
  beds, 
  similar 
  to 
  these 
  

   at 
  Cape 
  Gertrude 
  ; 
  and, 
  judging 
  from 
  this 
  and 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  

   beds 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  it 
  is 
  likely 
  that 
  the 
  Cape 
  Gertrude 
  section 
  

   corresponds 
  to 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Jurassic 
  series 
  present 
  at 
  Cape 
  Flora. 
  

  

  Much 
  interest 
  attaches 
  to 
  the 
  discovery 
  above 
  mentioned 
  of 
  the 
  

   masses 
  of 
  wood 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  basalt 
  ; 
  for 
  Mr. 
  Fisher 
  says 
  

   that 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  precisely 
  the 
  same 
  character 
  as 
  the 
  silicified 
  wood 
  which 
  

   has 
  been 
  found 
  so 
  abundantly 
  on 
  the 
  talus 
  at 
  Cape 
  Flora 
  and 
  also 
  at 
  

   Cape 
  Gertrude 
  ; 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  one 
  place 
  where 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  

   in 
  situ, 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  clue 
  that 
  we 
  at 
  present 
  possess 
  as 
  to 
  its 
  

   place 
  of 
  origin. 
  

  

  7. 
  Cape 
  Stephen. 
  

  

  We 
  have 
  now 
  to 
  travel 
  some 
  20 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Cape 
  Flora 
  to 
  

   Cape 
  Stephen. 
  At 
  this 
  point, 
  and 
  also 
  between 
  here 
  and 
  Cape 
  

   Grant, 
  a 
  hard 
  calcareous 
  sandstone 
  was 
  met 
  with, 
  near 
  the 
  sea- 
  

   level 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  raised 
  beach. 
  This 
  bed, 
  which 
  is 
  in 
  situ, 
  

   contains 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  carbonized 
  plant-remains, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  

   not 
  well 
  preserved, 
  and 
  in 
  none 
  of 
  them 
  can 
  the 
  details 
  of 
  structure 
  

   be 
  seen. 
  Consequently 
  their 
  determination 
  cannot 
  be 
  settled 
  with 
  

   that 
  degree 
  of 
  certainty 
  which 
  could 
  be 
  wished. 
  Although 
  the 
  

   stems 
  of 
  Equisetaceae 
  and 
  some 
  other 
  forms 
  are 
  not 
  unlike 
  species 
  

   with 
  which 
  we 
  are 
  familiar 
  in 
  the 
  Yorkshire 
  Lower 
  Oolites, 
  yet 
  

   these 
  Arctic 
  specimens 
  seem 
  to 
  agree 
  best 
  with 
  the 
  flora 
  described 
  

   by 
  Prof. 
  Schmalhausen 
  from 
  Petchora 
  and 
  Tunguska. 
  1 
  

  

  1 
  Mem. 
  Acad. 
  Imp. 
  St. 
  Petersb. 
  ser. 
  7, 
  vol. 
  xxvii. 
  (1880) 
  No. 
  4. 
  

  

  