﻿508 
  MESSES. 
  E. 
  T. 
  NEWTON 
  AND 
  J. 
  J. 
  R. 
  TEALL 
  ON 
  [Dec. 
  1 
  897, 
  

  

  it 
  is 
  mixed 
  with, 
  a 
  little 
  muddy 
  matrix, 
  and 
  readily 
  breaks 
  up 
  on 
  

   soaking 
  in 
  water 
  ; 
  when 
  this 
  is 
  done 
  the 
  mass 
  separates 
  into 
  small 
  

   pieces, 
  perhaps 
  J- 
  inch 
  wide 
  and, 
  say, 
  1 
  inch 
  or 
  less 
  in 
  length, 
  flat, 
  

   and 
  as 
  thin 
  as 
  paper. 
  With 
  these 
  are 
  other 
  fragments, 
  broader, 
  

   but, 
  like 
  the 
  first, 
  so 
  much 
  altered 
  that 
  nothing 
  can 
  be 
  made 
  out 
  

   of 
  them. 
  Mr. 
  Clement 
  Reid, 
  who 
  is 
  so 
  familiar 
  with 
  Pleistocene 
  

   plants, 
  has 
  seen 
  these, 
  and 
  feels 
  sure 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  so 
  recent 
  

   as 
  Pleistocene, 
  but 
  thinks 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  probably 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  age. 
  

  

  Raised 
  Beaches. 
  

  

  The 
  occurrence 
  of 
  raised 
  beaches 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  in 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  

   Land 
  is 
  well 
  established. 
  One 
  was 
  noticed 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Leigh 
  Smith 
  at 
  

   Gray 
  Bay, 
  west 
  of 
  Cape 
  Grant, 
  90 
  feet 
  above 
  sea-level. 
  Mr. 
  Jackson's 
  

   hut 
  at 
  Elmwood 
  is 
  on 
  an 
  old 
  sea-beach 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  

   while 
  there 
  are 
  others 
  at 
  higher 
  and 
  lower 
  levels. 
  The 
  bones 
  of 
  

   a 
  whale 
  (probably 
  Balcena 
  mysticetus) 
  are 
  mentioned 
  as 
  being 
  found 
  

   near 
  Mr. 
  Jackson's 
  hut. 
  Similar 
  raised 
  beaches 
  occur 
  on 
  Frederick 
  

   Jackson 
  Island, 
  showing 
  that 
  the 
  movement 
  of 
  upheaval 
  is 
  not 
  

   confined 
  to 
  the 
  southern 
  parts 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land, 
  where 
  most 
  

   observations 
  have 
  been 
  made. 
  At 
  the 
  northern 
  end 
  of 
  Giinther's 
  Bay 
  

   raised 
  beaches 
  were 
  observed 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Kcettlitz, 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  lower 
  

   one 
  pebbles 
  of 
  basalt 
  and 
  specimens 
  of 
  Saxicava 
  arctica 
  were 
  

   collected 
  ; 
  similar 
  beaches 
  were 
  also 
  seen 
  by 
  the 
  Jackson-Harmsworth 
  

   party 
  at 
  Cape 
  Crowther, 
  at 
  Cape 
  Stephen, 
  at 
  Hooker 
  Island, 
  and 
  at 
  

   "Windy 
  Gully 
  ; 
  from 
  the 
  latter, 
  Troplion 
  antiques, 
  Tr. 
  gracilis, 
  

   Mya 
  arenaria, 
  and 
  Balanus 
  concavus 
  were 
  obtained. 
  

  

  Silicified 
  Wood. 
  

  

  The 
  common 
  occurrence 
  of 
  silicified 
  wood 
  has 
  been 
  noticed 
  by 
  

   all 
  who 
  have 
  visited 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land. 
  Lieut. 
  Payer 
  alludes 
  

   to 
  it 
  ; 
  Mr. 
  Leigh 
  Smith 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Grant 
  collected 
  specimens 
  ; 
  the 
  

   first 
  consignment 
  of 
  fossils 
  from 
  the 
  Jackson-Harmsworth 
  expedi- 
  

   tion 
  contained 
  some 
  fine 
  specimens 
  ; 
  Dr. 
  JSTansen 
  also 
  notices 
  it 
  : 
  

   and 
  the 
  present 
  series 
  of 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  Jackson-Harmsworth 
  

   party 
  includes 
  many 
  examples, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  large 
  and 
  formed 
  

   part 
  of 
  a 
  tree-stem. 
  

  

  This 
  silicified 
  wood 
  is 
  widely 
  distributed 
  in 
  the 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  

   archipelago, 
  for 
  Lieut. 
  Payer's 
  specimens 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  from 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  islands, 
  while 
  we 
  have 
  evidence 
  of 
  it 
  from 
  Capes 
  Flora, 
  

   Crowther, 
  ISTeale, 
  and 
  Gertrude. 
  Mr. 
  Leigh 
  Smith's 
  specimens 
  seem 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  on 
  Mabel 
  Island. 
  In 
  nearly 
  every 
  case 
  this 
  

   wood 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  talus-heaps, 
  and 
  the 
  only 
  place 
  where 
  

   it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  situ 
  is 
  at 
  Cape 
  Gertrude, 
  where 
  Dr. 
  Kcettlitz 
  

   and 
  Mr. 
  Child 
  discovered 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  it 
  embedded 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  basalt 
  at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  more 
  than 
  700 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea. 
  On 
  

   the 
  plateau 
  at 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  Cape 
  Neale, 
  which 
  is 
  700 
  feet 
  above 
  

   the 
  sea, 
  a 
  large 
  silicified 
  tree-trunk 
  was 
  found 
  projecting 
  from 
  the 
  

   soil, 
  and 
  therefore 
  above 
  the 
  250 
  feet 
  of 
  basalt 
  which 
  there 
  caps 
  

   the 
  Cape. 
  

  

  