﻿Vol. 
  53-] 
  ROCKS 
  AND 
  FOSSILS 
  FROM 
  FRANZ 
  JOSEF 
  LAND. 
  513 
  

  

  over, 
  if 
  the 
  basalt 
  is 
  intrusive, 
  then 
  the 
  two 
  beds 
  (1 
  and 
  3) 
  may 
  

   originally 
  have 
  been 
  nearer 
  together 
  than 
  they 
  are 
  now. 
  We 
  must 
  

   await 
  further 
  evidence 
  before 
  this 
  point 
  can 
  be 
  fairly 
  discussed 
  ; 
  

   in 
  the 
  meantime 
  these 
  plant-bearing 
  shales 
  are 
  the 
  highest 
  fossili- 
  

   ferous 
  horizon 
  that 
  has 
  yet 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  place 
  in 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  

   Land. 
  

  

  The 
  specimens 
  of 
  Ammonites 
  Ishmce 
  discovered 
  at 
  Windy 
  Gully, 
  

   at 
  300 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  1 
  are 
  believed 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Kcettlitz 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   in 
  place 
  — 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  say, 
  he 
  is 
  of 
  opinion 
  that 
  they 
  belonged 
  to 
  

   the 
  bed 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  found. 
  This 
  horizon, 
  therefore, 
  is 
  placed 
  

   in 
  the 
  section 
  at 
  300 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  and 
  is 
  thus 
  250 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  

   Ammonites 
  7nodiolaris-hed, 
  but 
  this 
  distance 
  may 
  be 
  too 
  great. 
  The 
  

   ammonites 
  and 
  belemnites 
  of 
  this 
  bed 
  are 
  not 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  as 
  

   those 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Ammonites 
  macrocejihalus- 
  and 
  A. 
  rnodiolaris- 
  

   horizon 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  possible 
  that 
  we 
  may 
  have 
  in 
  this 
  A. 
  

   Ishmos-hed 
  a 
  representative 
  of 
  another 
  formation, 
  perhaps 
  of 
  the 
  

   age 
  of 
  the 
  Cornbrash. 
  

  

  The 
  lowest 
  horizon 
  seen 
  at 
  Cape 
  Flora 
  is 
  the 
  bed 
  exposed 
  at 
  

   about 
  30 
  to 
  40 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  a 
  little 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  Elmwood 
  

   (No. 
  5). 
  Except 
  for 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  this 
  bed 
  is 
  situated 
  some 
  250 
  feet 
  

   lower 
  in 
  the 
  series 
  than 
  the 
  place 
  where 
  A. 
  Ishmce 
  was 
  found, 
  

   there 
  is 
  nothing 
  to 
  give 
  a 
  clue 
  to 
  its 
  geological 
  horizon. 
  The 
  large 
  

   Avicula 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  identified, 
  and 
  the 
  belemnites, 
  although 
  

   resembling 
  those 
  found 
  with 
  Ammonites 
  Ishmce, 
  are 
  not 
  perfect 
  

   enough 
  for 
  identification. 
  

  

  The 
  numerous 
  thin 
  beds 
  (No. 
  6) 
  at 
  Cape 
  Gertrude, 
  that 
  occur 
  

   at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  from 
  200 
  to 
  400 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  having 
  yielded 
  no 
  

   fossils 
  to 
  indicate 
  their 
  age, 
  cannot 
  be 
  correlated 
  with 
  the 
  section 
  at 
  

   Cape 
  Flora, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  their 
  elevation 
  above 
  the 
  sea 
  that 
  points 
  

   to 
  a 
  possible 
  correspondence 
  with 
  the 
  Ammonites 
  macrocejjhalus- 
  and 
  

   A. 
  mocliolaris-seiies. 
  

  

  We 
  now 
  come 
  to 
  what 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  lowest 
  horizon 
  from 
  

   which 
  fossils 
  have 
  been 
  collected 
  in 
  Franz 
  Joset 
  Land 
  — 
  namely, 
  

   the 
  plant-bearing 
  sandstone 
  at 
  Cape 
  Stephen 
  (No. 
  7), 
  which 
  was 
  

   also 
  found 
  exposed 
  farther 
  south-west, 
  towards 
  Cape 
  Grant. 
  As 
  

   this 
  locality 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  20 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Cape 
  Flora 
  and 
  the 
  

   structure 
  of 
  the 
  intervening 
  islands 
  is 
  not 
  known, 
  it 
  is 
  hazardous 
  

   to 
  attempt 
  to 
  correlate 
  the 
  beds 
  at 
  the 
  two 
  places. 
  But, 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  

   time, 
  if 
  the 
  strata 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  land 
  are 
  uniform 
  

   in 
  their 
  north-easterly 
  dip, 
  then, 
  as 
  this 
  plant-bed 
  is 
  near 
  the 
  sea- 
  

   level 
  at 
  Cape 
  Stephen, 
  we 
  should 
  expect 
  to 
  find 
  it 
  or 
  its 
  equivalent 
  

   at 
  some 
  distance 
  below 
  the 
  sea 
  at 
  Cape 
  Flora; 
  and 
  the 
  possibly 
  

   Lower 
  Oolite 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  points 
  to 
  a 
  similar 
  position 
  in 
  the 
  

   series. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  as 
  already 
  pointed 
  out 
  (p. 
  505), 
  these 
  

   beds 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  much 
  greater 
  antiquity. 
  

  

  The 
  presence 
  of 
  a 
  plant-bed 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  these 
  Oolitic 
  strata 
  of 
  

   Franz 
  Josef 
  Land, 
  and 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  lignite-beds 
  in 
  many 
  

   places 
  below, 
  show 
  that 
  estuarine, 
  if 
  not 
  indeed 
  freshwater, 
  con- 
  

  

  1 
  See 
  footnote, 
  p. 
  500. 
  

   Q.J.G. 
  S. 
  No. 
  212. 
  2 
  m 
  

  

  