﻿514 
  MESSRS. 
  E. 
  T. 
  NEWTON 
  AND 
  J. 
  J. 
  H. 
  IE 
  ALL 
  ON 
  [Dec. 
  I 
  897, 
  

  

  ditions 
  must 
  have 
  prevailed 
  during 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  

   they 
  were 
  being 
  deposited 
  ; 
  but, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  horizons 
  

   with 
  Ammonites 
  and 
  Belemnites 
  point 
  to 
  times 
  when 
  marine 
  

   depositious 
  intervened. 
  

  

  Strata 
  of 
  Oolitic 
  age 
  have 
  been 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  Spitsbergen 
  by 
  

   Prof. 
  Nordenskiold, 
  1 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  Ammonites 
  triplicatus 
  

   would 
  seem 
  to 
  indicate 
  that 
  they 
  belong 
  to 
  higher 
  beds 
  than 
  have 
  

   been 
  recognized 
  in 
  Franz 
  Josef 
  Land, 
  unless 
  indeed 
  they 
  correspond 
  

   with 
  the 
  upper 
  plant-bed 
  of 
  Cape 
  Mora. 
  

  

  More 
  recently 
  two 
  species 
  of 
  Jurassic 
  ammonites 
  have 
  been 
  recog- 
  

   nized 
  from 
  Spitsbergen 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Fraas, 
  2 
  namely 
  Ammonites 
  triplicatus 
  

   and 
  A. 
  cordatus, 
  from 
  which 
  one 
  can 
  only 
  conclude 
  that 
  beds 
  are 
  

   present 
  which 
  in 
  Britain 
  would 
  be 
  called 
  Upper 
  Oxfordian. 
  

  

  Numerous 
  Jurassic 
  fossils 
  were 
  collected 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Nordenskiold 
  

   in 
  Novaya 
  Zemlya 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  described 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Tullberg. 
  3 
  

   Among 
  these 
  Ammonites 
  alter 
  nans 
  is 
  found, 
  thus 
  indicating 
  the 
  

   presence 
  of 
  beds 
  of 
  Kimeridgian 
  age 
  in 
  that 
  country. 
  

  

  The 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  silicified 
  wood 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  

   alluded 
  to 
  (p. 
  509), 
  and 
  little 
  further 
  can 
  be 
  said. 
  The 
  occurrence 
  

   of 
  this 
  wood 
  below 
  the 
  basalt 
  and 
  near 
  to 
  probable 
  Jurassic 
  deposits 
  

   shows 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  it 
  may 
  perhaps 
  be 
  of 
  Jurassic 
  age 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  may 
  

   equally 
  well 
  be 
  of 
  Cretaceous 
  or 
  Tertiary 
  date. 
  Even 
  if 
  future 
  

   discoveries 
  confirm 
  the 
  supposed 
  Cretaceous 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  pine-cone 
  

   from 
  Bell 
  Island, 
  this 
  will 
  not 
  necessarily 
  prove 
  the 
  silicified 
  wood 
  

   to 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age. 
  

  

  The 
  possibility 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  beds 
  being 
  present 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  

   silicified 
  slab 
  from 
  Cape 
  Stephen, 
  the 
  Ginlccjo 
  seeming 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  

   same 
  as 
  G. 
  reniformis, 
  which 
  is 
  from 
  beds 
  believed 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  

   age. 
  

  

  The 
  plant-remains 
  found 
  near 
  Cape 
  Richthofen 
  may 
  likewise 
  

   be 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  age, 
  as 
  already 
  mentioned 
  (p. 
  507), 
  but 
  the 
  evidence 
  

   is 
  so 
  slender 
  that 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  rather 
  as 
  a 
  suggestion 
  

   of 
  something 
  to 
  be 
  looked 
  for 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  northern 
  parts 
  of 
  

   Franz 
  Josef 
  Land 
  than 
  as 
  a 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  beds 
  of 
  so 
  late 
  

   a 
  date. 
  The 
  fact 
  that 
  beds 
  with 
  abundant 
  plant-remains 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  

   age 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  Spitsbergen 
  shows 
  that 
  similar 
  deposits 
  may 
  

   be 
  expected 
  here. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  the 
  specimens 
  from 
  

   Cape 
  Richthofen 
  were 
  found 
  upon 
  a 
  high 
  lateral 
  moraine, 
  and 
  

   therefore 
  presumably 
  were 
  derived 
  from 
  beds 
  directly 
  above 
  this 
  

   moraine, 
  or 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  were 
  brought 
  from 
  a 
  distance 
  ; 
  in 
  either 
  case 
  

   it 
  is 
  quite 
  possible 
  that 
  they 
  may 
  yet 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  situ. 
  The 
  plant- 
  

   remains 
  themselves 
  have 
  a 
  very 
  recent 
  look, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  hardly 
  likely 
  

   that 
  they 
  can 
  be 
  more 
  recent 
  than 
  the 
  Glacial 
  Period 
  ; 
  indeed, 
  

   Mr. 
  Clement 
  Reid's 
  opinion 
  (p. 
  508) 
  goes 
  far 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  

   neither 
  recent 
  nor 
  Pleistocene 
  age, 
  but 
  must 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  1 
  ' 
  Sketch 
  of 
  the 
  Geology 
  of 
  Spitsbergen,' 
  1867, 
  p. 
  27. 
  

  

  2 
  Neues 
  Jahrb. 
  1872, 
  p. 
  203. 
  See 
  also 
  Eaymond 
  & 
  Dollfus, 
  ' 
  Geol. 
  Spits- 
  

   bergen,' 
  Feuille 
  des 
  Jeunes 
  Naturalistes, 
  1897, 
  Nos. 
  286, 
  287, 
  288. 
  

  

  3 
  ' 
  Verstein. 
  Nowaya 
  Semlya,' 
  Bihang 
  till 
  Svenska 
  Vetenskap. 
  Akad. 
  Handl. 
  

   vol. 
  vi. 
  (1880) 
  pt. 
  ii. 
  

  

  