﻿^°1' 
  53*] 
  ANNIVERSARY 
  ADDRESS 
  OF 
  THE 
  PRESIDENT. 
  lxxxiii 
  

  

  These 
  rocks 
  are 
  well 
  stratified, 
  but 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  deposited 
  in 
  

   shallow 
  water, 
  the 
  materials 
  being 
  derived 
  mainly 
  from 
  volcanic 
  

   rocks, 
  or 
  possibly, 
  in 
  part, 
  as 
  dust 
  and 
  muds, 
  directly 
  from 
  volcanoes^ 
  

  

  The 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  volcanic 
  rocks, 
  now 
  the 
  Uriconian 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Callaway 
  

   (originally 
  classed 
  by 
  him 
  with 
  the 
  Pebidian 
  of 
  St. 
  David's, 
  which 
  

   they 
  greatly 
  resemble), 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  beyond 
  doubt 
  by 
  the 
  very 
  

   important 
  discoveries 
  made 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Callaway, 
  Prof. 
  Lapworth, 
  1 
  

   and 
  Mr. 
  S. 
  Groom 
  of 
  Lower 
  and 
  Middle 
  Cambrian 
  fossils 
  in 
  

   the 
  Comley 
  Sandstone 
  (originally 
  called 
  Hollybush 
  Sandstone 
  

   by 
  Dr. 
  Callaway) 
  near 
  Lilleshall 
  Hill. 
  This 
  sandstone 
  rests 
  on 
  a 
  

   quartzite, 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  lies 
  unconformably 
  on 
  the 
  volcanic 
  rocks 
  

   of 
  Little 
  Caradoc. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  year 
  1882 
  Prof. 
  Lapworth 
  announced 
  the 
  discovery 
  of 
  

   Cambrian 
  Rocks 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Birmingham 
  (Geol. 
  

   Mag. 
  1882, 
  p. 
  563). 
  These 
  rocks 
  had 
  previously 
  been 
  classed 
  as 
  of 
  

   much 
  newer 
  age, 
  not 
  in 
  any 
  case 
  older 
  than 
  Upper 
  Silurian. 
  The 
  

   discovery 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  jointly 
  made 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Lapworth, 
  

   Mr. 
  T. 
  S. 
  Houghton, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  J. 
  Harrison. 
  Several 
  exposures 
  are 
  

   referred 
  to, 
  namely, 
  the 
  Lower 
  Lickey 
  Eidge, 
  Nuneaton, 
  Stocking- 
  

   ford, 
  and 
  Dort 
  Hill. 
  In 
  the 
  shales 
  of 
  Stockingford 
  Prof. 
  Lapworth 
  

   discovered 
  many 
  typical 
  Upper 
  Cambrian 
  fossils. 
  2 
  The 
  investigations 
  

   showed 
  'that 
  a 
  range 
  of 
  country 
  10 
  or 
  12 
  miles 
  in 
  length 
  by 
  

   2 
  miles 
  in 
  width 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  rocks 
  of 
  Upper 
  Cambrian 
  age/ 
  

   There 
  are 
  two 
  main 
  divisions, 
  the 
  lower 
  being 
  a 
  thickly 
  bedded 
  

   quartzite 
  which 
  at 
  its 
  base 
  is 
  a 
  ' 
  coarse 
  breccia 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  

   fragments 
  of 
  red 
  and 
  green 
  felspathic 
  rocks, 
  slaty 
  shales, 
  and 
  

   various 
  quartz-porphyries 
  ' 
  ; 
  these 
  ' 
  have 
  apparently 
  been 
  derived 
  

   from 
  an 
  older 
  series 
  of 
  igneous 
  and 
  altered 
  strata' 
  which 
  may 
  

   occasionally 
  be 
  seen 
  rising 
  out 
  from 
  below 
  them. 
  The 
  rocks 
  of 
  

   Charnwood 
  Forest 
  in 
  Leicestershire, 
  which 
  were 
  formerly 
  supposed 
  

   to 
  be 
  of 
  Cambrian 
  age, 
  have 
  in 
  recent 
  years 
  been 
  most 
  carefully 
  

   described 
  by 
  the 
  Eev. 
  E. 
  Hill 
  and 
  Prof. 
  Bonney, 
  who 
  have 
  shown 
  

   that 
  they 
  resemble 
  much 
  more 
  closely 
  the 
  volcanic 
  rocks 
  of 
  pre- 
  

   Cambrian 
  age 
  than 
  any 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  classed 
  elsewhere 
  on 
  

   satisfactory 
  evidence 
  as 
  Cambrian. 
  Though 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  beds 
  

   containing 
  Cambrian 
  fossils 
  reposing 
  upon 
  these 
  rocks, 
  it 
  is 
  worthy 
  

   of 
  note 
  that 
  the 
  fossiliferous 
  Upper 
  Cambrian 
  in 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  

   area 
  of 
  Nuneaton 
  previously 
  mentioned 
  rests 
  on 
  some 
  volcanic 
  rocks, 
  

   which 
  greatly 
  resemble 
  in 
  their 
  condition 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Charnwood 
  

  

  1 
  Geol. 
  Mag. 
  1888, 
  p. 
  484 
  ; 
  ibid. 
  1891, 
  p. 
  529. 
  

  

  a 
  More 
  recently 
  Prof. 
  Lapworth 
  discovered 
  fossils 
  in 
  the 
  quartzite 
  series 
  

   which 
  are 
  very 
  probably 
  of 
  Lower 
  Cambrian 
  ag*. 
  

  

  