290 TYNEDALE ESCVllTMEXTS ; 



part of this distance the Great "Whinsill is the conspicuous carina 

 of a strip of ground marked off by a hollow from a rolling plateau 

 stretching to the north of it. Its neighbourhood about Sewing- 

 shields, where it rises upon the water-shed of the country, is 

 singularly free both from dislocations and from concealment by 

 drift. The finer escarpments are found within a line drawn 

 about three miles from its north side ; in a second parallel band, 

 about equally broad, ridges arc more or less traceable under 

 diift, but the local names, lUgg, Edge, and Bank, have there 

 become less sharply characteristic, and are now associated with 

 others, — Round Hill, Law, and the like. Beyond this second 

 strip the strata lose their steady dip E. of S., and begin to un- 

 dulate : escai-pmcnts and crags become more promiscuous, — 

 less like a succession of Atlantic rollers than a chopping sea. 

 Shitlington Crag, near North Tyne, displays in its arched form 

 a segment of one of the first of these undulations. 



Woodcut No. 3. — Sewing- ' „ . .irpmcnts as they appear from 



near Bavington, twelve milefl E.N.E. Those on the left arc succcfislre headlands of 

 the Whiuslll. 



In the region N.E. of the North Tync, the outcrops sweep 

 round into a much more northerly trend. With some exceptions 

 they are more subdued than to the West ; but in the watershed 

 of the Wansbeck they rise proudly. 



It scarcely need be said tliat the south ward-di])ping strata, 

 whose surface features these arc, form part of an extended series 

 at first deposited in water. How subteiTanean forces raised them 

 into their present position and slope it is unnecessaiy to inquire, 

 but the original beds were without any doubt continued north- 

 ward, from where we now sec them broken off, towards Scotland. 

 Professor Ramsay first drew attention to the significance of facts 

 of tliis kind in South Wales. In Woolliope, Herefordshire, for 

 instance, a small but easily-described area, the strata originally 

 rose in a form imperfectly resembling that of a cupola, bed arch- 

 ing within bed like the curving coats of one side of an onion, — 

 Silurian Limestones and Shales within, and Old Red Sandstone 



