334 



d?TNEDALE tSCARPMENJS 



Woodcut No. 8.— Gunnerton Crag from the W.S.W. 



these had been. We have in Gunnerton Crag, in fact, unusually 

 positive data from which to make a " restoration" of its glaciated 

 form. 



Prom measurements of this crag, I find that its apex stands 

 one hundred and thirty-five feet above, and one hundred and 

 sixty feet behind the foremost blocks of its talus, as the latter 

 existed previous to the quarrying operations. "^^ J^ow, whatever 

 alterations in form the crag may have undergone since the first 

 stone of that talus was laid, it cannot have extended beyond this 

 space of one hundred and sixty feet. Even on the supposition 

 that a line from the brow to the base represents the slope to 

 which glaciers smoothed it, that slope is only forty degrees. 

 But of course both these points have shifted; the one receding 

 as it wasted, the other pushing forward as it received the pro- 

 ducts of waste ; and it is safe to suppose that its glacially- curved 

 front was contained within an angle of some forty-five degrees. 

 We may conceive of the crag as rounded into a dome-like curve, 

 but not at all as planed down or levelled. 



Similar arguments might be applied to a dozen other crags 

 with a like result, but Gunnerton Crag will stand for a type. 

 The facts are sufficiently startling. They represent, however, 

 what years of observation have slowly forced upon me, contrary, 

 I may say, to expectation and prepossession. That glaciation 

 in this district did not use upon these escarpments all the eroding 



* The block mcasured-to must liavc beeu some feet beyond the talus itself. I have 

 chosen to err on the safe side. 



