I06 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



" To the north of the Bundelkhand we find very much the same 

 thing," states Lake. " Close to the gneiss, at Gwalior, we have 

 almost undisturbed Pre-Vindhyan beds while further away, in the 

 Arvali hills, the Pre-Vindhyan beds are strongly folded, the folds 

 running about NE-SW. ... In the space between these folds (the 

 folds to the SE and the folds to the NW), we find a large spread 

 of Vindhyan rocks. These are little disturbed and may at one 

 time have covered the whole of the gneiss mass." 



Summing up, we find in India, as in Africa and Australia, a Pre- 

 cambrian basement complex, consisting distinctly of an older series 

 of gneisses "and of Archeozoic aspect and a younger series of less 

 metamorphosed rocks apparently corresponding to the Proterozoic 

 series of other continents, while the Vindhyan series may be Paleozoic 

 in age, at least in part. The two earlier series are thrown into 

 folds that are Precambrian in age and entirely independent of 

 the much later Himalayas and other north Indian folds. These 

 early folds have clearly a dominant north-south direction, running 

 directly north-south in the Kadapah and Godavari basins ; -'♦north- 

 north west — south-southeast in the southern gneiss mass, northwest- 

 southeast in the Kaladgi basin and N 36 ° E in the Aravalli mountains. 



If this last inference is true, it follows that the Indian peninsula 

 agrees in its Precambrian fold direction with that of Africa, Madagascar, 

 and western Australia; and the conclusion would seem proper that 

 all these areas once belonged to a segment of the earth crust that reacted 

 as a unit to the diastrophic agencies. 



e Aequinoctia 



We have so far left out of our consideration the large area north 

 of Australia, east of India and south of China. In our preliminary 

 paper (p. 4) we had mentioned the presence of blocks in Cambodia 

 and Borneo that apparently had remained undisturbed by the later 

 folding that overran all this country. These blocks are pointed 

 out as such by Suess. The mass of Cambodia (Suess, v. 3, p. 285; 

 Suess-Sollas, v. 3, p. 225) consists of widely distributed occurrences 

 of granulite and granite along the lowest course of the Mekong 

 river. This mass lies in the region of the separation of the ranges 

 of the Altaids of southeastern Asia. There are, it seems, no data 

 as to the predominant strike of this mass available at present. 



Another block or Archean horst that seems to separate the folded 

 ranges, somewhat after the fashion of the larger mass of Cambodia 

 seems, according to Suess (see Suess-Sollas, v. 3, p. 253), to lie in 

 the southwest of Borneo. 



