68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



have also been found in the Iroquois beach in Canada 27 . At Ham- 

 ilton, Ont, there is an excellent beach and bar of Iroquois age. In 

 this bar and nearby beach are found bones, ivory and teeth of mam- 

 moths which occur at various levels from 33 feet to 70 or 80 feet 

 above Lake Ontario. Mammoth bones with remains of trees were 

 found in an old soil 30 feet below the gravel bar in the city of Ham- 

 ilton, indicating a lower and earlier stage of Lake Iroquois before 

 the final higher beach level was reached. 



Interglacial periods have also been recognized in Canada in the 

 vicinity of Toronto. In some of these interglacial deposits, bones 

 of the mammoth or mastodon have been found as well as bones of 

 the bison and Cervalces boreali s. 2S It is unfortunate that 

 the proboscidian remains have not been identified as either mam- 

 moth or mastodon, but in either case the occurrence is of interest 

 in showing antiquity as well as the association of the bones of the 

 bison. 



Fossil mammoth teeth have also been found in the Pleistocene 

 deposits of Ontario, at St Catharines. A number of mastodon 

 remains are also recorded from the gravel deposits at St Cath- 

 arines. Definite data regarding the finds here are lacking, and it 

 is not known whether the mammoth and mastodon remains were 

 associated in the same deposits or whether they were found at 

 different levels. The figures and descriptions of some of the re- 

 mains from St Catharines are contained in Ward's "Catalogue of 

 Casts of Fossils," published in 1866. 



As shown on the accompanying map, the more frequent finds of 

 mammoth remains along the south shore of Lake Iroquois are not 

 without significance and may have interesting bearing on the 

 Pleistocene history. 29 The presence of these along Lake Iroquois 

 shore can not be fully explained as the effect of more favorable 

 burial and preservation within the belt of the rising level of Iro- 

 quois waters. Neither can it be regarded as merely fortuitous or 

 accidental. Some causal relation must be sought. The explanation 

 is probably found in the mechanics of the ice sheet in relation to 

 the Ontario basin and Lake Iroquois history. 



Assuming that the Canadian elephants were forced southward 

 and some remains inclosed in the glacier while advancing over a 

 land surface of moderate irregularity, such of the skeletal parts as 

 survived transportation should be irregularly distributed over the 



27 A. P. Coleman in Guide Book 4, 12th International Geological Congress, 



1913, P- 73, 74- „ . 



28 Coleman, in The Natural History of the Toronto Region, 1913, p. 72. 



29 Prof. H. L. iFairchild has generously given the writers valuable sug- 

 gestions relating to the mechanics of ice movement. 



