80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



much above 400 feet, and in its lower reaches it is near the level of 

 Lake George, which has an elevation of 323 feet. This valley, 

 which now has a northern drainage into Lake George, in Pleistocene 

 time (Lakes Dawson and Iroquois age) was occupied by southward- 

 flowing glacial waters derived from the melting Labradorian ice 

 lobe, which projected into this region. These waters were carried 

 over the present divide between Lake George and the Hudson river 

 at Glens Falls and into the Hudson valley drainage. Above Albany 

 the waters were met by the waters from the melting ice of western 

 New York and beyond. After the establishment of the divide west 

 of Little Falls, all the waters of glacial Lake Iroquois were carried 

 north of the Adirondacks and into the Hudson river valley by way 

 of the Champlain valley. At a still later time the region where 

 the mammoth tooth was found was covered by the waters of the 

 Gilbert gulf age, known as the Champlain sea which was at ocean 

 level. Whether the mammoth tooth was buried in the deposits laid 

 down by glacial waters or possibly in deposits in the later Gilbert 

 gulf can not be definitely stated. In light of other mammoth finds 

 in New York State, it seems more probable that the tooth was de- 

 rived from glacial ice and buried in glacial deposits, but if it was 

 derived from Gilbert gulf sediments, it stamps its age as more 

 recent, and as the only trace of the mammoth found in the Cham- 

 plain deposits. It is to be regretted that more definite details of 

 this isolated find are lacking since with our present knowledge it is 

 impossible to determine between the alternatives above given as to 

 the age of the deposits in which the tooth was found imbedded. 



In this connection it may be well to note that in Vermont, 47 in 

 the township of Mount Holly, 45 miles east of Queensbury, some 

 remains of a fossil elephant were found resting on a bed of gravel 

 which was covered with 9 feet of muck. The place was close to 

 the divide between the Champlain and Connecticut valleys, and at 

 an elevation of 1360 feet, or nearly 1000 feet higher than the place 

 where the Queensbury specimen was found. The Vermont speci- 

 men has been identified by Doctor Leidy 48 as E. americanus 

 (E. primigenius). This find seems to show clearly that this 

 animal was postglacial, but no such conclusive evidence has thus 

 far been found in any of the New York records. 



*' Appendix to Thompson's Vermont, 1853, p. 14-15. 

 48 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Proa, 1885, 7 -.392. 



