PREFACE. XI 



Whitman, Earle, Jordan, Tarleton Bean, Ryder, Brown-Goode, 

 and others are conspicuous. Canada, under the vigorous hand 

 of Sir Charles Tupper, made a new departure in its fisheries 

 by the appointment of the able and experienced Prof. Prince. 

 The labours of the French under Professors Marion and 

 Pouchet, Dr Sauvage, M. Guitel, Dr Canu, P. Gourret, G. 

 Roche, M. Odin, and others have largely added to our know- 

 ledge ; as likewise have those of Prof. Hensen, Prof Mobius, 

 Prof. Brandt, Dr Heincke, Dr Ehrenbaum and many others in 

 Germany. Valuable work has been done in Denmark by Capt. 

 Drechsel, A. V. Ljungman, and Dr Petersen, while the same 

 may be said of Prof Hoffmann and Dr Hoek in the Nether- 

 lands. In Norway the labours of Prof G. 0. Sars are every- 

 where known, followed recently by those of Dr Hjort, and in 

 this country also the hatching of marine fishes under Capt. 

 Dannevig has been very successful; while in Sweden the 

 names of the Malms, father and son, and Lundberg are familiar. 

 In Belgium Prof van Beneden's talents were invaluable — as 

 his son's are now — in the department, and in Italy those of 

 Prof. Giglioli. Russia has also made great progress under 

 Dr O. Grimm, Dr Borodine, Dr Kniepovitch, and others, and 

 Spain under Lieut. R. Vela. Lastly Japan is making active 

 efforts to master its fisheries under Prof. Kishinouye. 



In Australia and the Cape of Good Hope able workers are 

 busy with the problems of the fisheries, for example, Prof 

 Has well, Mr Lindsay Thompson, and lately Dr Saville Kent in 

 the former, and Dr J. D. Gilchrist in the latter. 



In our own country the earliest work was done at 

 St Andrews, which has never lost touch with the subject ; and 

 the workers from which, e.g. Prof E. Prince, W. L. Calderwood, 

 E. W. L. Holt, Dr Scharfif, Dr H. Wilson, Dr A. T. Masterman, 

 W. E. Collinge, G. Sandeman, H. C. Williamson, J. R. Tosh, 

 H. M. Kyle, and others have extended our knowledge of the 

 subject in a noteworthy manner. The names of the late James 

 Duncan Matthews and the late George Brook, on the staff of 

 the Fishery Board for Scotland, again, will long be remembered 

 for the excellence of their work in connection with the food- 

 fishes. The Marine Biological Association at Plymouth has 



